Hibernate之HQL

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-05 16:39:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-01-05 16:39:23 发布

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文章标签： hibernate之HQL

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/linyaodonga/article/details/100546413

版权

1 . 什么是HQL
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写

2 . hql和sql区别/异同

  HQL                                           SQL
   类名/属性                                     表名/列名
   区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写                 不区分大小写
   别名                                          别名		as a
   ?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持)  ?，从顺序1开始计算位置
   :命名参数                                     不支持:命名参数
   面向对象的查询语言                            面向结构查询语言

注意：QuerySyntaxException:book is not mapped

3 . 处理返回的结果集

  3.1 单个对象
      select没有逗号
  3.2 Object[]
      b.bookId, b.bookName
  3.3 Map
      new Map(b.bookId as bid, b.bookName as bname)
  3.4 new 构造方法(attr1,attr2)
      new Book(b.bookId, b.price)
	单个列段

4 . hql中使用占位符

  4.1 ?占位符
      从下标0开始计算位置
      hibernate5之后不再支持?占位符
	
  4.2 :命名参数

6 . 聚合函数
sum
avg
max
min
count

HqlTest：

package com.xhh.five.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.xhh.five.util.PageBean;
import com.xhh.four.dao.BookDao;
import com.xhh.four.entity.Book;
import com.xhh.util.SessionFactoryUtils;


public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	private BookDao bookDao=new BookDao();
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接受
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，也可返回对象，前提是有对应的构造函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList5() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
//		Query当作prepareStatement
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		params.add(1);
		params.add(2);
		params.add(4);
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 * sum
	 * count
	 * avg
	 * max
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}
	
	/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(5);
		query.setMaxResults(5);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

工具类：
PageBean：

package com.xhh.five.util;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {

	private int page = 1;// 页码

	private int rows = 5;// 页大小

	private int total = 0;// 总记录数

	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;

	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}

	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}

	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}

	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}

	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}

	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}

	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}

	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}

	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}

}

StringUtils：

package com.xhh.five.util;

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

测试;
test1:
在这里插入图片描述
test2:

test3:

…太多不挨个展示

Dao类:
BaseDao:

package com.xhh.five.util;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

/**
 * hql语句的通用查询工具 
 * 1、需要给拼接的hql语句的命名参数赋值 
 * 2、分页 可简化
 * 
 * 基于sql的分页的查询方法
 *    1、首先查询出符合条件的总记录数
 *    2、返回符合条件的记录
 *    参数：sql,pabean,class clz
 * @author PC
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {
	public void setParam(Query query, Map<String, Object> paMap) {
           if(paMap != null && paMap.size()>0) {
        	   Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = paMap.entrySet();
        	   for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				String key = entry.getKey();
				Object value = entry.getValue();
//				value可能是数组
				if(value instanceof Object[]) {
					query.setParameterList(key, (Object[])value);
				}else if(value instanceof Collection) {
//					value可能是集合
					query.setParameterList(key, (Collection)value);
				}else {
					query.setParameter(key,value);
				}
			}
           }
	}
	/**
	 * 拼装符合条件的总记录数
	 * @param hql
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getCounttHql(String hql) {
		int fromIndex = hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM");
		return "select count(*)"+hql.substring(fromIndex);
	}
	/**
	 * 基于hql的通用查询方法
	 * @param hql
	 * @param pageBean
	 * @param paMap
	 * @param session
	 * @return
	 */
	public List executeQuery(String hql,PageBean pageBean,Map<String,Object> paMap,Session session) {
		List list =null;
		Query query= null;
		if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			//查询出符合条件的总记录数
			String countHql=getCounttHql(hql);
			Query createQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(createQuery, paMap);
			pageBean.setTotal(createQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			
//			返回符合条件记录
			query=session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, paMap);;
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}else {
			query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, paMap);
			list = query.list();
		}
		return null;
	}
}

BookDao:

package com.xhh.four.dao;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import com.xhh.five.util.BaseDao;
import com.xhh.five.util.PageBean;
import com.xhh.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.xhh.four.entity.Book;
import com.xhh.four.entity.Category;
import com.xhh.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

import net.bytebuddy.implementation.bind.annotation.Super;



public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}

/**
	 * 书籍的分页查询
	 *    1、动态的拼接hql语句
	 *    2、需要给拼接的hql语句的命名参数赋值 可简化
	 *    3、分页
	 *  	 * @param pageBean
               book@param
	 * @return
*/
public List<Book> list(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
	Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
//	Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

	String hql = "from Book where 1=1";
	String bname=book.getBookName();
//	这个是自动传递过来的，不要手写
	Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
	if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
		hql += "and bookName like :bookName";
	}
	Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
	if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
		query.setParameter("bookName", bname);
	}
	
	if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
		query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
		query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
	}
	
	List list = query.list();
	
//	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	return list;
}	

/**
 * 加强版	
 * @param book
 * @param pageBean
 * @return
 */
public List<Book> listPlus(Book book,PageBean pageBean){
	Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
//	Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();

	String hql = "from Book where 1=1";
	String bname=book.getBookName();
//	这个是自动传递过来的，不要手写
	Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String, Object>();
	if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bname)) {
		hql += "and bookName like :bookName";
		map.put("bookName", bname);
	}
	Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
	
	List list =super.executeQuery(hql, pageBean, map, session);
	
//	transaction.commit();
	session.close();
	return list;
}	
	

}

测试：

@Test
	public void testList10() {
		Book book=new Book();
		PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
		book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
		List<Book>  list=this.bookDao.list(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testList11() {
		Book book=new Book();
		PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
		book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
		List<Book>  list=this.bookDao.listPlus(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

运行
在这里插入图片描述