MYSQL空间数据操作常用函数

1. 创建列表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tb_point`; #判断如果存在同名表格则drop创建新表
CREATE TABLE `tb_point` (
  `timestamp` date NOT NULL COMMENT '时间戳',
  `point` point NOT NULL COMMENT '经纬度', #空间数据field，notnull设置是必须的
  `type` char(20) character set utf8 default '' COMMENT '点类型',
  `name` varchar(50) character set utf8 NOT NULL COMMENT '点名称',
  `introduce` text character set utf8 COMMENT '介绍，包含文字、视频、目录，json格式',
  `attention` int(5) NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT '关注人数',
  `score` tinyint(2) NOT NULL default '0' COMMENT '评分，用于协同过滤推荐',
  `status` tinyint(2) NOT NULL default '2' COMMENT '状态，用于管理员添加',
  `uri` varchar(255) character set utf8 default NULL COMMENT '维基uri',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`timestamp`,`point`(25)), #geometry数据类型不能作为primary key
  KEY `index_timestamp` USING BTREE (`timestamp`),
  KEY `index_name` USING HASH (`name`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; #选用MYISAM和INNODB都可以，但是MYISAM支持全文检索，如果检索调用较多就用MYISAM，写入频繁就用INNODB

 

 

2.Insert示例：

INSERT INTO `tb_point` VALUES ('1900-01-01', GeomFromText('POINT(123.462202 41.804471)'), '景点', '沈阳故宫', '{\"text\":\"1900年左右的沈阳故宫文字介绍\",\"picture\":\"\",\"video\":\"\"}', '1000', '0', '1', null); # GEOMFROMTEXT函数实现WKT到数据库内部几何格式的转换。而GEOMFROMWKB函数用于转换WKB。

3.select示例：

SELECT timestamp,AsText(point),type,name,introduce,attention,score,uri FROM tb_point order by AsText(point),`timestamp` DESC ;# 获取文本空间数据 WKT AsText 函数将其转换为字符串格式 ，AsBinary获取二进制空间数据 WKB 

4. Envelope

Envelope(g)            

返回几何值g的最小边界矩形（MBR）。结果以Polygon值的形式返回。

多边形（polygon）是由边界框的顶点定义的：

POLYGON((MINX MINY, MAXX MINY, MAXX MAXY, MINX MAXY, MINX MINY))

mysql> SELECT AsText(Envelope(GeomFromText('LineString(1 1,2 2)')));

+-------------------------------------------------------+

| AsText(Envelope(GeomFromText('LineString(1 1,2 2)'))) |

+-------------------------------------------------------+

| POLYGON((1 1,2 1,2 2,1 2,1 1))                        |

+-------------------------------------------------------+

5. 用以下SQL从数据表中获得空间数据

SELECT id,name,ASTEXT(pnt),ASTEXT(line),ASTEXT(pgn) from `test`;

ASTEXT函数的功能与GEOMFROMTEXT的功能恰好相反，就是将数据从内部格式转换为WKT；相应的ASBINARY可以转换为WKB。

6. 包含关系

• MBRContains(g1,g2)

返回1或0以指明g1的最小边界矩形是否包含g2的最小边界矩形。

• MBRWithin(g1,g2)

返回1或0以指明g1的最小边界矩形是否位于g2的最小边界矩形内。

7.Table 12.19 Spatial Functions

Name	Description
Area() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return Polygon or MultiPolygon area
AsBinary(), AsWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Convert from internal geometry format to WKB
AsText(), AsWKT() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Convert from internal geometry format to WKT
Buffer() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return geometry of points within given distance from geometry
Centroid() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return centroid as a point
Contains() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBR of one geometry contains MBR of another
ConvexHull() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return convex hull of geometry
Crosses() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether one geometry crosses another
Dimension() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Dimension of geometry
Disjoint() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBRs of two geometries are disjoint
Distance() (deprecated 5.7.6)	The distance of one geometry from another
EndPoint() (deprecated 5.7.6)	End Point of LineString
Envelope() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return MBR of geometry
Equals() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBRs of two geometries are equal
ExteriorRing() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return exterior ring of Polygon
GeomCollFromText(), GeometryCollectionFromText()(deprecated 5.7.6)	Return geometry collection from WKT
GeomCollFromWKB(), GeometryCollectionFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return geometry collection from WKB
GeometryCollection()	Construct geometry collection from geometries
GeometryN() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return N-th geometry from geometry collection
GeometryType() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return name of geometry type
GeomFromText(), GeometryFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return geometry from WKT
GeomFromWKB(), GeometryFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return geometry from WKB
GLength() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return length of LineString
InteriorRingN() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return N-th interior ring of Polygon
Intersects() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBRs of two geometries intersect
IsClosed() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether a geometry is closed and simple
IsEmpty() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Placeholder function
IsSimple() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether a geometry is simple
LineFromText(), LineStringFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct LineString from WKT
LineFromWKB(), LineStringFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct LineString from WKB
LineString()	Construct LineString from Point values
MBRContains()	Whether MBR of one geometry contains MBR of another
MBRCoveredBy()	Whether one MBR is covered by another
MBRCovers()	Whether one MBR covers another
MBRDisjoint()	Whether MBRs of two geometries are disjoint
MBREqual() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBRs of two geometries are equal
MBREquals()	Whether MBRs of two geometries are equal
MBRIntersects()	Whether MBRs of two geometries intersect
MBROverlaps()	Whether MBRs of two geometries overlap
MBRTouches()	Whether MBRs of two geometries touch
MBRWithin()	Whether MBR of one geometry is within MBR of another
MLineFromText(), MultiLineStringFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiLineString from WKT
MLineFromWKB(), MultiLineStringFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiLineString from WKB
MPointFromText(), MultiPointFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiPoint from WKT
MPointFromWKB(), MultiPointFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiPoint from WKB
MPolyFromText(), MultiPolygonFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiPolygon from WKT
MPolyFromWKB(), MultiPolygonFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct MultiPolygon from WKB
MultiLineString()	Contruct MultiLineString from LineString values
MultiPoint()	Construct MultiPoint from Point values
MultiPolygon()	Construct MultiPolygon from Polygon values
NumGeometries() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return number of geometries in geometry collection
NumInteriorRings() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return number of interior rings in Polygon
NumPoints() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return number of points in LineString
Overlaps() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBRs of two geometries overlap
Point()	Construct Point from coordinates
PointFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct Point from WKT
PointFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct Point from WKB
PointN() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return N-th point from LineString
PolyFromText(), PolygonFromText() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct Polygon from WKT
PolyFromWKB(), PolygonFromWKB() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Construct Polygon from WKB
Polygon()	Construct Polygon from LineString arguments
SRID() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return spatial reference system ID for geometry
ST_Area()	Return Polygon or MultiPolygon area
ST_AsBinary(), ST_AsWKB()	Convert from internal geometry format to WKB
ST_AsGeoJSON()	Generate GeoJSON object from geometry
ST_AsText(), ST_AsWKT()	Convert from internal geometry format to WKT
ST_Buffer()	Return geometry of points within given distance from geometry
ST_Buffer_Strategy()	Produce strategy option for ST_Buffer()
ST_Centroid()	Return centroid as a point
ST_Contains()	Whether one geometry contains another
ST_ConvexHull()	Return convex hull of geometry
ST_Crosses()	Whether one geometry crosses another
ST_Difference()	Return point set difference of two geometries
ST_Dimension()	Dimension of geometry
ST_Disjoint()	Whether one geometry is disjoint from another
ST_Distance()	The distance of one geometry from another
ST_Distance_Sphere()	Minimum distance on earth between two geometries
ST_EndPoint()	End Point of LineString
ST_Envelope()	Return MBR of geometry
ST_Equals()	Whether one geometry is equal to another
ST_ExteriorRing()	Return exterior ring of Polygon
ST_GeoHash()	Produce a geohash value
ST_GeomCollFromText(), ST_GeometryCollectionFromText(), ST_GeomCollFromTxt()	Return geometry collection from WKT
ST_GeomCollFromWKB(), ST_GeometryCollectionFromWKB()	Return geometry collection from WKB
ST_GeometryN()	Return N-th geometry from geometry collection
ST_GeometryType()	Return name of geometry type
ST_GeomFromGeoJSON()	Generate geometry from GeoJSON object
ST_GeomFromText(), ST_GeometryFromText()	Return geometry from WKT
ST_GeomFromWKB(), ST_GeometryFromWKB()	Return geometry from WKB
ST_InteriorRingN()	Return N-th interior ring of Polygon
ST_Intersection()	Return point set intersection of two geometries
ST_Intersects()	Whether one geometry intersects another
ST_IsClosed()	Whether a geometry is closed and simple
ST_IsEmpty()	Placeholder function
ST_IsSimple()	Whether a geometry is simple
ST_IsValid()	Whether a geometry is valid
ST_LatFromGeoHash()	Return latitude from geohash value
ST_Length()	Return length of LineString
ST_LineFromText(), ST_LineStringFromText()	Construct LineString from WKT
ST_LineFromWKB(), ST_LineStringFromWKB()	Construct LineString from WKB
ST_LongFromGeoHash()	Return longitude from geohash value
ST_MakeEnvelope()	Rectangle around two points
ST_MLineFromText(), ST_MultiLineStringFromText()	Construct MultiLineString from WKT
ST_MLineFromWKB(), ST_MultiLineStringFromWKB()	Construct MultiLineString from WKB
ST_MPointFromText(), ST_MultiPointFromText()	Construct MultiPoint from WKT
ST_MPointFromWKB(), ST_MultiPointFromWKB()	Construct MultiPoint from WKB
ST_MPolyFromText(), ST_MultiPolygonFromText()	Construct MultiPolygon from WKT
ST_MPolyFromWKB(), ST_MultiPolygonFromWKB()	Construct MultiPolygon from WKB
ST_NumGeometries()	Return number of geometries in geometry collection
ST_NumInteriorRing(), ST_NumInteriorRings()	Return number of interior rings in Polygon
ST_NumPoints()	Return number of points in LineString
ST_Overlaps()	Whether one geometry overlaps another
ST_PointFromGeoHash()	Convert geohash value to POINT value
ST_PointFromText()	Construct Point from WKT
ST_PointFromWKB()	Construct Point from WKB
ST_PointN()	Return N-th point from LineString
ST_PolyFromText(), ST_PolygonFromText()	Construct Polygon from WKT
ST_PolyFromWKB(), ST_PolygonFromWKB()	Construct Polygon from WKB
ST_Simplify()	Return simplified geometry
ST_SRID()	Return spatial reference system ID for geometry
ST_StartPoint()	Start Point of LineString
ST_SymDifference()	Return point set symmetric difference of two geometries
ST_Touches()	Whether one geometry touches another
ST_Union()	Return point set union of two geometries
ST_Validate()	Return validated geometry
ST_Within()	Whether one geometry is within another
ST_X()	Return X coordinate of Point
ST_Y()	Return Y coordinate of Point
StartPoint() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Start Point of LineString
Touches() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether one geometry touches another
Within() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Whether MBR of one geometry is within MBR of another
X() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return X coordinate of Point
Y() (deprecated 5.7.6)	Return Y coordinate of Point

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