Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.
Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure.
Example:
You may serialize the following tree:
1
/ \
2 3
/ \
4 5
as "[1,2,3,null,null,4,5]"
Clarification: The above format is the same as how LeetCode serializes a binary tree. You do not necessarily need to follow this format, so please be creative and come up with different approaches yourself.
Note: Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your serialize and deserialize algorithms should be stateless.
思路
序列化一棵树就是在A 和B通信的时候,A将一棵树转换为一个连续的字符串,B在接收到字符串序列化在还原成树的过程,所以我们可以借助数的先序遍历或者层次遍历实现,如果树的某一个节点为空,则其值用null 填充。
解法
class Codec {
public:
// Encodes a tree to a single string.
string serialize(TreeNode* root) {
ostringstream out;
serialize(root, out);
return out.str();
}
// Decodes your encoded data to tree.
TreeNode* deserialize(string data) {
istringstream in(data);
return deserialize(in);
}
private:
void serialize(TreeNode *root, ostringstream &out) {
if (root) {
out << root->val << ' ';
serialize(root->left, out);
serialize(root->right, out);
} else {
out << "null ";
}
}
TreeNode* deserialize(istringstream &in) {
string val;
in >> val;
if (val == "null") return nullptr;
TreeNode *root = new TreeNode(stoi(val));
root->left = deserialize(in);
root->right = deserialize(in);
return root;
}
};