算法 - 在旋转有序数组中搜索

Suppose an array sorted in ascending order is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.

(i.e., [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might become [4,5,6,7,0,1,2]).

You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return its index, otherwise return -1.

You may assume no duplicate exists in the array.

Your algorithm's runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).

Example 1:

Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: 4

Example 2:

Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: -1

思路

如果中间的数小于最右边的数，则右半段是有序的；若中间数大于最右边数，则左半段是有序的，我们只要在有序的半段里用首尾两个数组来判断目标值是否在这一区域内，这样就可以确定搜索的范围

解法

class Solution {
public:
    int search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int left = 0;
        int right = nums.size() - 1;
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = left + ((right - left) >> 1);
            if (nums[mid] == target) {
                return mid;
            }
            if (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {
                if (nums[mid] < target && target <= nums[right]) {
                    left = mid + 1;
                }
                else {
                    right = mid - 1;
                }
            }
            else {
                if (nums[left] <= target && target < nums[mid]) {
                    right = mid - 1;
                }
                else {
                    left = mid + 1;
                }
            }
        }
        return -1;  
    }
};

思考 

1. 如果nums[mid] < nums[right] 考虑左侧的情况，怎么处理？

2. 如果数组中有重复的元素。因为重复的出现，如果我们遇到中间和边缘相等的情况，我们就丢失了哪边有序的信息，因为哪边都有可能是有序的结果。

Suppose an array sorted in ascending order is rotated at some pivot unknown to you beforehand.

(i.e., [0,0,1,2,2,5,6] might become [2,5,6,0,0,1,2]).

You are given a target value to search. If found in the array return true, otherwise return false.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [2,5,6,0,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: true

Example 2:

Input: nums = [2,5,6,0,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: false

Follow up:

• This is a follow up problem to Search in Rotated Sorted Array, where nums may contain duplicates.
• Would this affect the run-time complexity? How and why?

思路

• 如果中间的数小于最右边的数，则右半段是有序的
• 如果中间数大于最右边数，则左半段是有序的。
• 如果有重复值，就会出现来面两种情况，[3 1 1] 和 [1 1 3 1]，对于这两种情况中间值等于最右值时，目标值3既可以在左边又可以在右边，那怎么办么，对于这种情况其实处理非常简单，只要把最右值向左一位即可继续循环，如果还相同则继续移，直到移到不同值为止

解法

class Solution {
public:
    bool search(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        int n = nums.size(), left = 0, right = n - 1;
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] == target) return true;
            if (nums[mid] < nums[right]) {
                if (nums[mid] < target && nums[right] >= target) left = mid + 1;
                else right = mid - 1;
            } else if (nums[mid] > nums[right]){
                if (nums[left] <= target && nums[mid] > target) right = mid - 1;
                else left = mid + 1;
            } else --right;
        }
        return false;
    }
};