java23种设计模式之共享模式（FlyWeight）

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共享模式（FlyWeight）避免拥有相同内容的小类的开销（如耗费内存），使大家同享一个类（元类）。为什么使用共享模式（FlyWeight）呢？因为面向对象语言的原则就是一切都是对象，但是如果真正使用起来，有时对象数可能显得很庞大，比如字处理软件，如果每个文字都作为一个对象，几千个字就是几千个对象，无疑会耗费内存，所以我们要“求同存异”，找出这些对象群的共同点，设计一个元类。共享模式（Flyweight）有两个重要的概念内部状态intrinsic和外部状态extrinsic，它能提高程序的效率和性能，大大加快程序的运行速度。共享模式（Flyweight）的实现如下：

package yw.flyweight;
//共享池
public interface Flyweight {
 public void operation(ExtrinsicStat state);
}

package yw.flyweight;
//用于本模式的抽象数据类型（根据自己的要求设计）
public interface ExtrinsicStat {

}

package yw.flyweight;

public interface IntrinsicState {

}

package yw.flyweight;
//共享的
public class ConcreateFlyweight implements Flyweight{
 private IntrinsicState state;
 public void operation(ExtrinsicStat state) {
  //具体操作
 }

}

 

package yw.flyweight;
//不共享的
public class UnsharedConcreateFlyweight implements Flyweight{

 public void operation(ExtrinsicStat state) {
  
 }

}

 

package yw.flyweight;

import java.util.Hashtable;

public class FlyweightFactory {
 private Hashtable flyweights=new Hashtable();
 public Flyweight getFlyweight(Object key){
  Flyweight flyweight=(Flyweight)flyweights.get(key);
  if(flyweight==null){
   //产生新的ConcreateFlyweight
   flyweight=new ConcreateFlyweight();
   flyweights.put(key, flyweight); //将该对象加入到共享池总
  }
  return flyweight;
 }
}

 

package yw.flyweight;

public class FlyweightApp {
 public static void main(String args[]){
  FlyweightFactory factory=new FlyweightFactory();
  Flyweight fly1=factory.getFlyweight("Object1");
  Flyweight fly2=factory.getFlyweight("Object2");
  Flyweight fly3=factory.getFlyweight("Object2");
  //当大量的调用Flyweight对象时，肯定有重复调用的情况，所以我们就可以少创建很多对象，直接从共享池中取得该对象
 }
}

使用实例，以CD为例子，我们假设在一个XML文件中，存放多个CD资料，每个CD有三个字段，1：出片日期；2：歌唱者姓名等信息；3：唱片曲目

CD就好比Flyweight

public class CD{

private String title;

private int year;

private Artist artist;

...

}

以Aritist作为共享的ConcreateFlyweight

public class Aritist{

private String name;

public Artist(String n){

name=n;

}

public String getName(){

return name;

}

}

在看看Flyweight factory专门用来制造上面的可共享的ConcreateFlyweight:Artist

public class FlyweightFactory{

Hashtable pool=new Hashtable();

Artist getArtist(String key){

Artist result=(Artist)pool.get(key);

if(result==null){

result=new Artist(key);

pool.put(key,result);

}

return result;

}

}

所以如果有大量的CD，Flyweight将大大的节省了空间。