JAVA学习：高级加密标准（AES）

为了在毕设中对图片进行加密处理，今天需要研究下AES。

为了加密，我们需要生成密钥，每个密码都有不同的用于密钥的格式，我们需要确保密钥的生成是随机的，这需要遵循下面的步骤：

1）为加密算法获取KeyGenerator。

2）用随机源来初始或密钥发生器。如果密码块的长度是可变的，还需要指定期望的密码块长度。

3）调用generateKey方法。

下面是生成AES密钥的方法：

	public void generateKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
		KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
		SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
		keygen.init(random);
		this.key = keygen.generateKey();
	}

static KeyGenerator getInstance(String algorithmName)

返回实现指定加密算法的 KeyGenerator 对象，如果未提供加密算法，则抛出一个NoSuchAlgorithmException异常。

void init(SecureRandom random)

对密钥生成器进行初始化。

SecreKey generateKey()

生成一个新的密钥。

加密、解密：

如下所示，加密、解密都调用了相同的crypt方法，而crypt方法则调用密码的update和doFinal方法。

/**
	 * 加密
	 */
	public void encrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws InvalidKeyException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, IOException {
		this.crypt(in, out, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 解密
	 */
	public void decrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws InvalidKeyException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, IOException {
		this.crypt(in, out, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE);
	}

	/**
	 * 实际的加密解密过程
	 */
	public void crypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out, int mode) throws IOException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException {
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
		cipher.init(mode, this.key);
		
		int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize();
		int outputSize = cipher.getOutputSize(blockSize);
		byte[] inBytes = new byte[blockSize];
		byte[] outBytes = new byte[outputSize];
		
		int inLength = 0;
		boolean more = true;
		while (more) {
			inLength = in.read(inBytes);
			if (inLength == blockSize) {
				int outLength = cipher.update(inBytes, 0, blockSize, outBytes);
				out.write(outBytes, 0, outLength);
			} else {
				more = false;
			}
		}
		if (inLength > 0)
			outBytes = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 0, inLength);
		else
			outBytes = cipher.doFinal();
		out.write(outBytes);
		out.flush();
	}

完整代码：

public class AES {	
	private Key key;
	/**
	 * 生成AES对称秘钥
	 */
	public void generateKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
		KeyGenerator keygen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
		SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
		keygen.init(random);
		this.key = keygen.generateKey();
	}
	/**
	 * 加密
	 */
	public void encrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws InvalidKeyException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, IOException {
		this.crypt(in, out, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 解密
	 */
	public void decrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out) throws InvalidKeyException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, IOException {
		this.crypt(in, out, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE);
	}

	/**
	 * 实际的加密解密过程
	 */
	public void crypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out, int mode) throws IOException, ShortBufferException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException {
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
		cipher.init(mode, this.key);
		
		int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize();
		int outputSize = cipher.getOutputSize(blockSize);
		byte[] inBytes = new byte[blockSize];
		byte[] outBytes = new byte[outputSize];
		
		int inLength = 0;
		boolean more = true;
		while (more) {
			inLength = in.read(inBytes);
			if (inLength == blockSize) {   //只要输入数据块具有全长度（长度可被8整除），调用update方法
				int outLength = cipher.update(inBytes, 0, blockSize, outBytes);
				out.write(outBytes, 0, outLength);
			} else {
				more = false;
			}
		}
		if (inLength > 0)   //不具有全长度，调用doFinal方法
			outBytes = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 0, inLength);
		else
			outBytes = cipher.doFinal();
		out.write(outBytes);
		out.flush();
	}

	public void setKey(Key key) {
		this.key = key;
	}

	public Key getKey() {
		return key;
	}
}