原文地址:http://www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0014.html
Using Runtime.exec()
This example will capture the output (from stdio) of an external program.
import java.io.*; public class CmdExec { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { String line; Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec (System.getenv("windir") +"\\system32\\"+"tree.com /A"); BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader (new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); while ((line = input.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } input.close(); } catch (Exception err) { err.printStackTrace(); } } }
Windows CMD (or BAT) file and retrieve the errorlevel or exitcode
// win xp import java.io.*; public class CmdExec { public static void main(String argv[]) { try { String line; Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("test.cmd"); p.waitFor(); System.out.println(p.exitValue()); } catch (Exception err) { err.printStackTrace(); } } }
test.cmd (set the errorlevel manually)
@echo hello world @exit 42
test.cmd (set the errorlevel 1 (problem detected)
@java -garbage
test.cmd (set the errorlevel 0 (execution Ok)
@java -version
Launch a Unix script
String[] cmd = {"/bin/sh", "-c", "ls > hello"}; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
Using the ProcessBuilder
Since 1.5, the ProcessBuilder class provides more controls overs the process to be started. It's possible to set a starting directory.
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; public class CmdProcessBuilder { public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException,IOException { List<String> command = new ArrayList<String>(); command.add(System.getenv("windir") +"\\system32\\"+"tree.com"); command.add("/A"); ProcessBuilder builder = new ProcessBuilder(command); Map<String, String> environ = builder.environment(); builder.directory(new File(System.getenv("temp"))); System.out.println("Directory : " + System.getenv("temp") ); final Process process = builder.start(); InputStream is = process.getInputStream(); InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr); String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } System.out.println("Program terminated!"); } }
Windows rundll32 utility
Windows File association
Any program using the Windows file association mechanism can be started with the rundll32 utility.
// "file" is the filename of the data file // ex. myresume.doc // to start Word if the doc extension is associated with it. Runtime.getRuntime().exec ("rundll32 SHELL32.DLL,ShellExec_RunDLL " + file.getAbsolutePath());
See also this HowTo about the new Desktop API, the recommended solution (but you need JDK1.6).
See also this one to open the default browser.
The following example start a Dial-up connection on the Win plateform :
[Dialup.java] public class Dialup { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime() .exec("rundll32.exe rnaui.dll,RnaDial MyConnection"); p.waitFor(); System.out.println("Done."); } }
The "MyConnection" is the DUN and it's case sensitive.
You still need to press ENTER to CONNECT, there is an option in the Connection properties to connect automatically.
On NT and W2K, rnaui.dll is not available. Use rasdial.exe instead.
rasdial "connection name" rasdial "connection name" /d to drop rasdial /? for more options
PDF (Windows only)
public class ShowPDF { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime() .exec("rundll32 url.dll,FileProtocolHandler c:/pdf/mypdf.pdf"); p.waitFor(); System.out.println("Done."); } }
PDF (Mac only)
public class ShowPDF { public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception{ Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("open /Documents/mypdf.pdf"); } }
Path to executable with spaces in them
You can include a path for the program to be executed. On the Win plateform, you need to put the path in quotes if the path contains spaces .
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "\"c:/program files/windows/notepad.exe\""); p.waitFor(); } }
If you need to pass arguments , it's safer to a String array especially if they contain spaces.
String[] cmd = { "myProgram.exe", "-o=This is an option" }; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
If using the start command and the path of the file to be started contains a space then you must specified a title to the start command.
String fileName = "c:\\Applications\\My Documents\\test.doc"; String[] commands = {"cmd", "/c", "start", "\"DummyTitle\"",fileName}; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
VBSCRIPT
// Win9x Runtime.getRuntime().exec("start myscript.vbs"); // WinNT Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start myscript.vbs"); or // with a visible console Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cscript myscript.vbs"); // with no visible console Runtime.getRuntime().exec("wscript myscript.vbs");
HTML Help (Windows only)
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("hh.exe myhelpfile.chm");
Start Excel
import java.io.IOException; class StartExcel { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c start excel.exe"); } }
To load a worksheet
import java.io.IOException; class StartExcel { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { String fileName = "c:\\temp\\xls\\test2.xls"; String[] commands = {"cmd", "/c", "start", "\"DummyTitle\"",fileName}; Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands); } }