aufs的实现

1. 我们先写一个最简单的文件系统，这个文件系统直接创建在内存中。它在内存中创建了两个目录和几个文件，用户可以通过ls命令显示目录和文件，但是无法创建目录和文件，也不能对文件进行读写操作。这样不涉及硬盘操作，大大简化了开始阶段需要考虑的问题，这个例子如代码清单2-5所示。

   代码清单2-5   最简单文件系统aufs源代码
   #include <linux/module.h>
   #include <linux/fs.h>
   #include <linux/pagemap.h>
   #include <linux/mount.h>
   #include <linux/init.h>
   #include <linux/namei.h>

   #define AUFS_MAGIC 0x64668735

   static struct vfsmount *aufs_mount;
   static int aufs_mount_count;

   static struct inode *aufs_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, int mode, dev_t dev)
   {
     struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);

     if (inode) {
          inode->i_mode = mode;
          inode->i_uid = current->fsuid;
          inode->i_gid = current->fsgid;
          inode->i_blksize = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
          inode->i_blocks = 0;
          inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
          switch (mode & S_IFMT) {
          default:
              init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
              break;
          case S_IFREG:
              printk("creat a  file \n");
              break;
          case S_IFDIR:
              inode->i_op = &simple_dir_inode_operations;
              inode->i_fop = &simple_dir_operations;
              printk("creat a dir file \n");
    
              inode->i_nlink++;
              break;
          }
     }
     return inode;
   }
   /* SMP-safe */
   static int aufs_mknod(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
              int mode, dev_t dev)
   {
     struct inode *inode;
     int error = -EPERM;

     if (dentry->d_inode)
          return -EEXIST;

     inode = aufs_get_inode(dir->i_sb, mode, dev);
     if (inode) {
          d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
          dget(dentry);
          error = 0;
     }
     return error;
   }

   static int aufs_mkdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
   {
     int res;

     res = aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode |S_IFDIR, 0);
     if (!res)
          dir->i_nlink++;
     return res;
   }

   static int aufs_create(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry, int mode)
   {
     return aufs_mknod(dir, dentry, mode | S_IFREG, 0);
   }

   static int aufs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
   {
     static struct tree_descr debug_files[] = {{""}};

     return simple_fill_super(sb, AUFS_MAGIC, debug_files);
   }

   static struct super_block *aufs_get_sb(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
          int flags, const char *dev_name,
          void *data)
   {
     return get_sb_single(fs_type, flags, data, aufs_fill_super);
   }

   static struct file_system_type au_fs_type = {
     .owner =    THIS_MODULE,
     .name =     "aufs",
     .get_sb =   aufs_get_sb,
     .kill_sb =  kill_litter_super,
   };

   static int aufs_create_by_name(const char *name, mode_t mode,
                    struct dentry *parent,
                    struct dentry **dentry)
   {
     int error = 0;

     /* If the parent is not specified, we create it in the root.
      * We need the root dentry to do this, which is in the super
      * block. A pointer to that is in the struct vfsmount that we
      * have around.
      */
     if (!parent ) {
          if (aufs_mount && aufs_mount->mnt_sb) {
              parent = aufs_mount->mnt_sb->s_root;
          }
     }
     if (!parent) {
          printk("Ah! can not find a parent!\n");
          return -EFAULT;
     }

     *dentry = NULL;
     mutex_lock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);
     *dentry = lookup_one_len(name, parent, strlen(name));
     if (!IS_ERR(dentry)) {
          if ((mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
               error = aufs_mkdir(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);
          else
               error = aufs_create(parent->d_inode, *dentry, mode);
     } else
          error = PTR_ERR(dentry);
     mutex_unlock(&parent->d_inode->i_mutex);

     return error;
   }

   struct dentry *aufs_create_file(const char *name, mode_t mode,
                     struct dentry *parent, void *data,
                     struct file_operations *fops)
   {
     struct dentry *dentry = NULL;
     int error;

     printk("aufs: creating file '%s'\n",name);

     error = aufs_create_by_name(name, mode, parent, &dentry);
     if (error) {
          dentry = NULL;
          goto exit;
     }
     if (dentry->d_inode) {
          if (data)
               dentry->d_inode->u.generic_ip = data;
          if (fops)
               dentry->d_inode->i_fop = fops;
     }
   exit:
     return dentry;
   }
    
   struct dentry *aufs_create_dir(const char *name, struct dentry *parent)
   {
     return aufs_create_file(name,
                     S_IFDIR | S_IRWXU | S_IRUGO | S_IXUGO,
                     parent, NULL, NULL);
   }

   static int __init aufs_init(void)
   {
     int retval;
          struct dentry *pslot;
     
     retval = register_filesystem(&au_fs_type);

     if (!retval) {
          aufs_mount = kern_mount(&au_fs_type);
          if (IS_ERR(aufs_mount)) {
              printk(KERN_ERR "aufs: could not mount!\n");
              unregister_filesystem(&au_fs_type);
              return retval;
          }
     }
    
     pslot = aufs_create_dir("woman star",NULL);
     aufs_create_file("lbb", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL); 
     aufs_create_file("fbb", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
     aufs_create_file("ljl", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL); 

     pslot = aufs_create_dir("man star",NULL);  
     aufs_create_file("ldh", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL); 
     aufs_create_file("lcw", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);  
     aufs_create_file("jw", S_IFREG | S_IRUGO, pslot, NULL, NULL);
     
     return retval;
   }
   static void __exit aufs_exit(void)
   {
     simple_release_fs(&aufs_mount, &aufs_mount_count);
     unregister_filesystem(&au_fs_type);
   }

   module_init(aufs_init);
   module_exit(aufs_exit);
   MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
   MODULE_DESCRIPTION("This is a simple module");
   MODULE_VERSION("Ver 0.1");

   整个程序只有两百多行，即使对文件系统一点不懂也能了解大概意思。这个例子不包括文件读写等内容，目的只是说明文件系统内dentry、inode、super_block等几个重要概念。

   程序编译后，我们通过insmod 命令加载模块，然后执行如下操作。

   1)在根目录下创建一个目录：
   mkdir au

   2）挂载文件系统：
   mount –t aufs none /au

   3）列出文件系统的内容：
   ls

   看到了什么？可以发现“woman star”和“man star”两个目录。然后到woman star目录再执行ls，目录下果然有lbb、fbb、ljl三个文件。这就是我们在代码中希望做到的事情。