GUI(图形用户编程)编程学习
1、组件
-
窗口
-
弹窗
-
面板
-
文本框
-
列表框
-
按钮
-
图片
-
监听事件
-
鼠标
-
键盘事件
-
破解工具
2、简介
GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT
不流行的原因:1.界面不美观
2.需要jre环境!
3、AWT
3.1AWT概念:
-
包含了很多类和接口
-
窗口、按钮、文本框
-
包:java.awt
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3.2组件和容器
1.Frame
import java.awt.*;
//GUI的第一个界面
public class TestFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Frame,JDK,看源码
Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");
//设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置窗口大小
frame.setSize(400,400);
//设置背景颜色
frame.setBackground(new Color(85,150,68));
//弹出的初始位置
frame.setLocation(200,200);
//设置大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
}
}
import java.awt.*;
/**
* 展示多个窗口
*/
public class TestFrame2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.black);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;//计数器,可能存在多个窗口
public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
super("MyFrame+"+(++id));
setBackground(color);
setBounds(x,y,w,h);
setVisible(true);
}
}
2.Panel
package src.com.chen.lesson1;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
/**
* panel可以看成是一个空间,但不能单独存在
*/
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//布局概念
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//坐标
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
//Panel设置坐标,相对于frame
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
//frame.add(panel)
frame.add(panel);
frame.setVisible(true);
//监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式:
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//窗口点击关闭的时候需要做的事情
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
//结束程序
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
3.3、布局管理器
布局种类:
-
流式布局
package src.com.chen.lesson1; import java.awt.*; public class TestFlowLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame(); //组件-按钮 Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); Button button3 = new Button("button3"); //设置流式布局 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout()); 默认在中间 //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT)); 布局在左边 frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));//布局在右边 frame.setSize(200,200); //添加按钮 frame.add(button1); frame.add(button2); frame.add(button3); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
东西南北中
package src.com.chen.lesson1; import java.awt.*; public class TestBorderLayout { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout"); Button east = new Button("East"); Button west = new Button("West"); Button south = new Button("South"); Button north = new Button("North"); Button center = new Button("Center"); frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST); frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST); frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH); frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH); frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER); frame.setSize(200,200); frame.setVisible(true); } }
-
表格布局
package src.com.chen.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestGridLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.pack();//Java函数!自动设置填充,不需要设置大小
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
练习
package src.com.chen.lesson1;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class ExDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
//frame属性
frame.setSize(400,400);
frame.setLocation(300,400);
frame.setBackground(Color.black);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
// 4个面板
Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
//上面
p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn1"));
p2.add(new Button("p2-btn2"));
p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
//下面
p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
//中间四个
for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
}
p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.add(p1);
frame.add(p3);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
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总结:
-
Frame是一个顶级窗口;
-
Panel无法单独显示,必须添加在某个容器中;
-
布局管理器:
- 流式(FlowLayout)
- 东西南北中(BorderLayout)
- 表格(GridLayout)
-
设置大小、定位、背景颜色、可见性、监听(控制窗口关闭)。
3.4、事件监听
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestActionEvent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//按下按钮,触发一些事件
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn = new Button();
//因为,addActionListener()需要一个ActionListener,所有需要构造以一个ActionListener
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
btn.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(btn,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.pack();
windowClose(frame);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
//关闭窗口的事件
private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
System.out.println("励志学好编程");
}
}
多个按钮共享一个监听事件
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestActionEvent02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//两个按钮,实现同一个监听
//开始 停止
Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
Button button1 = new Button("start");//默认值
Button button2 = new Button("stop");//默认值
//可以显示的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不显示定义则会显示默认值
//可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");
MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);
frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg"+e.getActionCommand());
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
}
}
}
3.5、输入框TextFiled监听
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class TextText01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//启动!
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//监听这个文本框输入的文字
MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
//按下enter 就会触发这个输入框的事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);
//设置替换编码
textField.setEchoChar('*');
setVisible(true);
pack();
}
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回一个对象
System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框的文本
field.setText("");//null "
}
}
3.6 简易计算机,组合+内部类回顾复习
基本写法:
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.security.PublicKey;
//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
public Calculator(){
//3个文本框
TextField num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
TextField num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
//一个按钮
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));
//一个标签
Label label = new Label("+");
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取三个变量
private TextField num1,num2,num3;
public MyCalculatorListener (TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
this.num1=num1;
this.num2=num2;
this.num3=num3;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// 1.获得加数与被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2= Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
// 2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
// 3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
面向对象写法:
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.security.PublicKey;
//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//3个文本框
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Label label = new Label("+");
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
//获取计算器对象,在一个类中组合另一个类
Calculator calculator = null;
public MyCalculatorListener (Calculator calculator){
this.calculator=calculator;
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// 1.获得加数与被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
// 2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
// 3.清除前两个框
calculator.num1.setText("");
calculator.num2.setText("");
}
}
内部类(更好的包装):
package src.com.chen.lesson2;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.security.PublicKey;
//简易计算器
public class TextCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Calculator().loadFrame();
}
}
//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{
//属性
TextField num1,num2,num3;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//3个文本框
num1 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num2 = new TextField(10);//字符数
num3 = new TextField(20);//字符数
Label label = new Label("+");
Button button = new Button("=");
button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
//布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(num1);
add(label);
add(num2);
add(button);
add(num3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
//监听器类
//内部类最大的好处就是方便访问外部的属性和方法!
private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// 1.获得加数与被加数
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
// 2.将这个值+法运算后,放到第三个框
num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
// 3.清除前两个框
num1.setText("");
num2.setText("");
}
}
}
2.7画笔
package src.com.chen.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void loadFrame(){
setBounds(200,200,600,500);
setVisible(true);
}
//画笔
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画笔,需要有颜色,可以画画
g.setColor(Color.red);
//g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);
//养成习惯,画笔用完,还原最初颜色(黑色)
}
}
2.8鼠标监听
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package src.com.chen.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseLinstener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
//自己的类
class MyFrame extends Frame{
//画画需要画笔,监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title){
super(title);
setBounds(200,200,400,300);
//存鼠标点击的点
points = new ArrayList<>();
//鼠标监听器,正对窗口
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
setVisible(true);
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g){
//画画,监听鼠标事件
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,10,10);
}
}
//添加一个点到界面上
public void addPaint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式
private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
//鼠标---按下,弹起,按住不放
@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
//点击时,界面上产生一个点!
//这个点就是鼠标的点
frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
//每次点击鼠标都要重画一次
frame.repaint();//刷新
}
}
}
2.9窗口监听
package src.com.chen.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
//addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
this.addWindowListener(
//匿名内部类
new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.out.println("windowClosing");
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e){
WindowFrame source = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
source.setTitle("被激活了");
System.out.println("windowActivated");
}
}
);
}
// class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
// @Override
// public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
// setVisible(false);//隐藏窗口,通过按钮,隐藏当前窗口
// System.exit(0);//正常退出
// }
// }
}
2.10键盘监听
package src.com.chen.lesson3;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
//键
public class TestKeyListener {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
setBounds(1,2,300,400);
setVisible(true);
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
//键盘按下
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获得键盘下的键是哪一个,当前的码
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//不需要记录数值,使用静态属性 vk_xxx
if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
System.out.println("你按下了上建");
}
//根据按下的不同操作,产生不同结果
}
});
}
}
4、Swing
4.1 窗口、面板
package src.com.chen.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo {
//init(); 初始化
public void init(){
//顶级窗口
JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
jf.setVisible(true);
jf.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
jf.setBackground(Color.cyan);
//设置文字 Jlabel
JLabel label = new JLabel("编程小白励志学好编程");
jf.add(label);
//关闭事件
jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立一个窗口
new JFrameDemo().init();
}
}
标签居中:
package src.com.chen.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JFrameDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyJframe2().init();
}
}
class MyJframe2 extends JFrame{
public void init(){
this.setBounds(10,10,200,300);
this.setVisible(true);
JLabel label = new JLabel("编程小白励志学好编程");
this.add(label);
//让文本标签居中 设置水平对齐
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
//获得一个容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);
}
}
4.2 弹窗
JDialog,用来被弹出,默认就有关闭事件
package src.com.chen.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
public DialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(700,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//JFrame 放东西,容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//按钮
JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出对话框");
button.setBounds(30,30,200,50);
//点击按钮时弹出弹窗
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//弹窗
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
container.add(button);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//弹窗
new DialogDemo();
}
}
//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
public MyDialogDemo(){
this.setVisible(true);
this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
// this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(null);
container.add(new Label("励志学好编程"));
}
}
4.3标签
label:
new JLabel("xxx");
图标:
package src.com.chen.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
//图标Icon,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
private int width;
private int height;
public IconDemo(){}//无参构造
public IconDemo(int width, int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public void init(){
IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
//图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上
JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new IconDemo().init();
}
@Override
public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
}
@Override
public int getIconWidth() {
return this.width;
}
@Override
public int getIconHeight() {
return this.height;
}
}
图片:
package src.com.chen.lesson4;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
public ImageIconDemo(){
//获取图片的地址
JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
label.setIcon(imageIcon);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
Container container = getContentPane();
container.add(label);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ImageIconDemo();
}
}
4.4 面板
JPanel:
package src.com.chen.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public JPanelDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面的参数为间距
JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
container.add(panel1);
container.add(panel2);
container.add(panel3);
container.add(panel4);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,500);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}
}
JScrollPanel:
package src.com.chen.lesson5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
public JScrollDemo(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
textArea.setText("励志学好编程");
//Scroll面板
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
container.add(scrollPane);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setBounds(100,100,300,350);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JScrollDemo();
}
}
4.5 按钮
- 图片按钮:
package src.com.chen.lesson5;
import com.sun.jdi.PathSearchingVirtualMachine;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;
public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {
public JButtonDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//将图片变为图标
URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
//将图标放在按钮上
JButton button = new JButton();
button.setIcon(icon);
button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");
//add
container.add(button);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JButtonDemo01();
}
}
-
单选按钮
package src.com.chen.lesson5; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame{ public JButtonDemo02(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将图片变为图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //单选框 JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01"); JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02"); JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03"); //单选框只能选择一个,分组 ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup(); group.add(radioButton1); group.add(radioButton2); group.add(radioButton3); container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.CENTER); container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo02(); } }
-
复选按钮
package src.com.chen.lesson5; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame { public JButtonDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //将图片变为图标 URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("tx.jpg"); Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource); //多选框 JCheckBox checkBox01 = new JCheckBox("checkBow01"); JCheckBox checkBox02 = new JCheckBox("checkBow02"); container.add(checkBox01,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(checkBox02,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,300); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JButtonDemo03 (); } }
4.6 列表
- 下拉框
package src.com.chen.lesson06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo01(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JComboBox status = new JComboBox<>();
status.addItem(null);
status.addItem("正在上映");
status.addItem("已下架");
status.addItem("即将上映");
status.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
System.out.println(status.getSelectedItem());;
}
});
container.add(status);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo01();
}
}
- 列表框
package src.com.chen.lesson06;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Vector;
public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {
public TestComboboxDemo02(){
Container container = this.getContentPane();
// //生成列表的内容
// String[] contents = {"1","2","3"};
Vector contents = new Vector();
//列表中需要放入内容
JList jList = new JList(contents);
contents.add("zhangsan");
contents.add("lisi");
contents.add("wangwu");
container.add(jList);
this.setVisible(true);
this.setSize(500,300);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestComboboxDemo02();
}
}
- 应用场景
- 选择地区,或者一些单个选项
- 列表,用来展示信息,一般时动态扩容!
4.7 文本框
-
文本框
package src.com.chen.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame { public TestTextDemo01(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); JTextField textField = new JTextField("Hello"); JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20); container.add(textField,BorderLayout.NORTH); container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo01(); } }
-
密码框
package src.com.chen.lesson06; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class TestTextDemo03 extends JFrame{ public TestTextDemo03(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //面板 JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//**** passwordField.setEchoChar('*'); container.add(passwordField); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setVisible(true); this.setSize(500,350); } public static void main(String[] args) { new TestTextDemo03(); } }
-
文本域
package src.com.chen.lesson5; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame { public JScrollDemo(){ Container container = this.getContentPane(); //文本域 JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50); textArea.setText("励志学好编程"); //Scroll面板 JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea); container.add(scrollPane); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); this.setBounds(100,100,300,350); } public static void main(String[] args) { new JScrollDemo(); } }
贪吃蛇
步骤:
-
定义数据
-
画上去
-
监听事件
-
键盘
-
事件
-
SnakeGame类:
package src.com.chen.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
//游戏的主启动类
public class SnakeGame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
//正常游戏界面应在一个面板上
frame.add(new GamePanel());
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
frame.setResizable(false); // 窗口大小不可变
}
}
GamePanel类:
package src.com.chen.snake;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener , ActionListener {
//定义蛇的数据结构
int length; //蛇的长度
int[] snakeX = new int[600]; //蛇的x坐标 25*25
int[] snakeY = new int[500]; //蛇的y坐标 25*25
String fx;
//食物的坐标
int foodx;
int foody;
Random random = new Random();
int score;//成绩
//游戏当前的状态:开始、停止
boolean isStart = false; //默认是不开始!
boolean isFail = false; //游戏失败
//定时器 以ms为单位 1000ms=1s
Timer timer = new Timer(100,this); //100ms刷新一次
//构造器
public GamePanel(){
init();
//获得焦点和键盘事件
this.setFocusable(true);//获得焦点事件
this.addKeyListener(this);//获得键盘监听事件
timer.start();//游戏一开始定时器就启动
}
//初始化方法
public void init(){
length = 3;
snakeX[0] = 100; snakeY[0] = 100;//脑袋的坐标
snakeX[1] = 75; snakeY[1] = 100;//第一个身体的坐标
snakeX[2] = 50; snakeY[2] = 100;//第二个身体的坐标
fx="R";//初始方向向右
//把食物随机分布在界面上
foodx=25+25*random.nextInt(34);
foody=75+25*random.nextInt(24);
score = 0;
}
//绘制面板,游戏中的东西,都是用画笔来画
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g){
super.paintComponent(g);//清屏
//绘制静态的面板
this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
Data.header.paintIcon(this,g,25,11); //头部广告栏
g.fillRect(25,75,850,600); //默认游戏界面
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,18));//设置字体
g.drawString("长度 "+length,750,35);
g.drawString("分数 "+score,750,50);
//画食物
Data.food.paintIcon(this,g,foodx,foody);
//把小蛇画上去
if(fx.equals("R")){
Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要通过方向判断
}else if(fx.equals("L")){
Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要通过方向判断
}else if(fx.equals("U")){
Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要通过方向判断
}else if(fx.equals("D")){
Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);//蛇头初始化向右,需要通过方向判断
}
for(int i=1;i<length;i++)
{
Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);//第一个身体的坐标
}
//游戏状态
if(isStart==false){
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));//设置字体
g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏",300,300);
}
if(isFail){
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑",Font.BOLD,40));//设置字体
g.drawString("失败,按下空格重新开始",300,300);
}
}
//事件监听-----需要通过固定事件来刷新,1s=10次
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(isStart && isFail == false){ //如果游戏是开始状态,就让小蛇动起来
//吃食物
if(snakeX[0] == foodx && snakeY[0] == foody){
length++; //长度+1
score+=10;//分数加10
//再次随机食物
foodx=25+25*random.nextInt(34);
foody=75+25*random.nextInt(24);
}
//移动
for (int i =length-1;i>0;i--){//后一节移到前一节的位置
snakeX[i]=snakeX[i-1];
snakeY[i]=snakeY[i-1];
}
//走向
if(fx.equals("R")){
snakeX[0] = snakeX[0]+25;
//边界判断
if(snakeX[0]>850){
snakeX[0]=25;
}
}else if(fx.equals("L")){
snakeX[0] =snakeX[0]-25;
//边界判断
if(snakeX[0]<25){
snakeX[0]=800;
}
}else if(fx.equals("U")){
snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]-25;
//边界判断
if(snakeY[0]<75){
snakeY[0]=650;
}
}else if(fx.equals("D")){
snakeY[0]=snakeY[0]+25;
//边界判断
if(snakeY[0]>650){
snakeY[0]=75;
}
}
//失败判定,撞到自己就算失败
for(int i = 1;i <length;i++){
if(snakeX[0]==snakeX[i] && snakeY[0]== snakeY[i]){
isFail = true;
}
}
repaint();//重画页面
}
timer.start();//定时器开始
}
//键盘监听事件
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();//获得键盘是哪一个
if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){//如果按下的时空格键
if(isFail){
//重新开始
isFail = false;
init();
}else{
isStart = !isStart;//取反
}
repaint();
}
//小蛇移动
if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
fx="U";
}else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
fx="D";
}else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
fx="L";
}else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
fx="R";
}
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent keyEvent) {}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent keyEvent) {}
}