go消息队列RabbitMQ - 订阅模式-topic

1.介绍 

话题模式，一个消息被多个消费者获取，消息的目标queue可用BindingKey以通配符，（#：一个或多个词，*：一个词）的方式指定

Topic类型的Exchange与Direct相比，都是可以根据RoutingKey把消息路由到不同的队列。只不过Topic类型Exchange可以让队列在绑定Routing key 的时候使用通配符！

通配符规则：

#：匹配一个或多个词
*：匹配不多不少恰好1个词

举例：
audit.#：能够匹配audit.irs.corporate`或者 audit.irs
audit.*：只能匹配audit.irs

2.交换机声明

指定交换机类型topic主题模式。

err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
                "logs_topic", // name
                "topic",      // type
                true,         // durable
                false,        // auto-deleted
                false,        // internal
                false,        // no-wait
                nil,          // arguments
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")

3.指定routing key发布消息到topic交换机上

指定routing key并且发布消息到logs_topic的交换机上

err = ch.Publish(
                "logs_topic",          // exchange
                severityFrom(os.Args), // routing key
                false, // mandatory
                false, // immediate
                amqp.Publishing{
                        ContentType: "text/plain",
                        Body:        []byte(body),
                })
        failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")

4.声明临时队列并且绑定交换机

声明临时队列，用于接收topic消息

 q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
                "",    // name
                false, // durable
                false, // delete when unused
                true,  // exclusive
                false, // no-wait
                nil,   // arguments
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")

 绑定交换机和队列

err = ch.QueueBind(
                        q.Name,       // queue name
                        s,            // routing key
                        "logs_topic", // exchange
                        false,
                        nil)
                failOnError(err, "Failed to bind a queue")

5.完整代码 

我们将在日志记录系统中使用topic交换器。我们将从一个可行的假设开始，即日志的路由键将包含两个词：“<facility>.<severity>”。

emit_log_topic.go的代码：

package main

import (
        "log"
        "os"
        "strings"

        "github.com/streadway/amqp"
)

func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
        }
}

func main() {
        conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
        failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
        defer conn.Close()

        ch, err := conn.Channel()
        failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
        defer ch.Close()

        err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
                "logs_topic", // name
                "topic",      // type
                true,         // durable
                false,        // auto-deleted
                false,        // internal
                false,        // no-wait
                nil,          // arguments
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")

        body := bodyFrom(os.Args)
        err = ch.Publish(
                "logs_topic",          // exchange
                severityFrom(os.Args), // routing key
                false, // mandatory
                false, // immediate
                amqp.Publishing{
                        ContentType: "text/plain",
                        Body:        []byte(body),
                })
        failOnError(err, "Failed to publish a message")

        log.Printf(" [x] Sent %s", body)
}

func bodyFrom(args []string) string {
        var s string
        if (len(args) < 3) || os.Args[2] == "" {
                s = "hello"
        } else {
                s = strings.Join(args[2:], " ")
        }
        return s
}

func severityFrom(args []string) string {
        var s string
        if (len(args) < 2) || os.Args[1] == "" {
                s = "anonymous.info"
        } else {
                s = os.Args[1]
        }
        return s
}

receive_logs_topic.go的代码：

package main

import (
        "log"
        "os"

        "github.com/streadway/amqp"
)

func failOnError(err error, msg string) {
        if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf("%s: %s", msg, err)
        }
}

func main() {
        conn, err := amqp.Dial("amqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672/")
        failOnError(err, "Failed to connect to RabbitMQ")
        defer conn.Close()

        ch, err := conn.Channel()
        failOnError(err, "Failed to open a channel")
        defer ch.Close()

        err = ch.ExchangeDeclare(
                "logs_topic", // name
                "topic",      // type
                true,         // durable
                false,        // auto-deleted
                false,        // internal
                false,        // no-wait
                nil,          // arguments
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to declare an exchange")

        q, err := ch.QueueDeclare(
                "",    // name
                false, // durable
                false, // delete when unused
                true,  // exclusive
                false, // no-wait
                nil,   // arguments
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to declare a queue")

        if len(os.Args) < 2 {
                log.Printf("Usage: %s [binding_key]...", os.Args[0])
                os.Exit(0)
        }
  			// 绑定topic
        for _, s := range os.Args[1:] {
                log.Printf("Binding queue %s to exchange %s with routing key %s",
                        q.Name, "logs_topic", s)
                err = ch.QueueBind(
                        q.Name,       // queue name
                        s,            // routing key
                        "logs_topic", // exchange
                        false,
                        nil)
                failOnError(err, "Failed to bind a queue")
        }

        msgs, err := ch.Consume(
                q.Name, // queue
                "",     // consumer
                true,   // auto ack
                false,  // exclusive
                false,  // no local
                false,  // no wait
                nil,    // args
        )
        failOnError(err, "Failed to register a consumer")

        forever := make(chan bool)

        go func() {
                for d := range msgs {
                        log.Printf(" [x] %s", d.Body)
                }
        }()

        log.Printf(" [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C")
        <-forever
}

想要接收所有的日志：

go run receive_logs_topic.go "#"

要从“kern”接收所有日志：

go run receive_logs_topic.go "kern.*"

或者，如果你只想接收“critical”日志：

go run receive_logs_topic.go "*.critical"

你可以创建多个绑定：

go run receive_logs_topic.go "kern.*" "*.critical"

并发出带有路由键“kern.critical”的日志：

go run emit_log_topic.go "kern.critical" "A critical kernel error"

你可以自己尝试玩一下这个程序。请注意，代码没有对路由键或绑定键进行任何假设，你可能希望使用两个以上的路由键参数。

（关于emit_log_topic.go和receive_logs_topic.go的完整源代码）