7.当一个类的某个函数被说明为virtual时,该函数在该类的所有派生类中(A)
A. 都是虚函数
B. 只有被重新说明时才是虚函数
C. 只有被重新说明virtual时才是虚函数
D. 都不是虚函数
例一:
#include<iostream.h>
const double pl=3.14;
class Shape //定义一个图形类
{
public:
virtual double area()=0; //声明一个求面积的纯虚函数
virtual void shapename()=0; //声明一个输出图形名称的纯虚函数
};
class Circle:public Shape
{
private:
double r;
public:
Circle(){}
Circle(double rr){r=rr;}
virtual double area(){ return pl*r*r;} //在派生类中实现求面积的功能
virtual void shapename(){cout<<"this is a Circle.";} //在派生类中输出图形的名称
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{
private:
double x,y;
public:
Rectangle(){}
Rectangle(double xx,double yy){x=xx;y=yy;}
virtual double area(){ return x*y;} //在派生类中实现求面积的功能
virtual void shapename(){cout<<"this is a Rectangle.";} //在派生类中输出图形的名称
};
void main()
{
Shape *p;
Circle c(2);
Rectangle r(3,4);
p=&c;
p->shapename();
cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
p=&r;
p->shapename();
cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
}
程序结果:this is a Circle.area=12.56
this is a rectangle.area=12
例二:
#include<iostream.h>
const double pl=3.14;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual double area()=0;
virtual void shapename()=0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{
private:
double r;
public:
Circle(){}
Circle(double rr){r=rr;}
double area(){ return pl*r*r;}
void shapename(){cout<<"this is a Circle.";}
};
class Rectangle:public Shape
{
private:
double x,y;
public:
Rectangle(){}
Rectangle(double xx,double yy){x=xx;y=yy;}
double area(){ return x*y;}
void shapename(){cout<<"this is a Rectangle.";}
};
void main()
{
Shape *p;
Circle c(2);
Rectangle r(3,4);
p=&c;
p->shapename();
cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
p=&r;
p->shapename();
cout<<"area="<<p->area()<<endl;
}
程序结果:this is a Circle.area=12.56
this is a rectangle.area=12
注释:
定义派生类中的虚函数时,可以省略关键字virtual,但提倡不省略.
当一个类的某个函数被说明为virtual时,该函数在该类的所有派生类中都是虚函数.