创建型模式之建造者(Builder)模式

《设计模式》一书中对于建造者模式是这样定义的：将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。其实建造者模式就是用来创建复合对象，并把复合对象的创建过程加以抽象，通过子类继承和重载的方式，动态地创建具有复合属性的对象。有点拗口，首先我们来看看它的UML图：

        public class SoccerPlayer
        {
            List<string> skills = new List<string>();

            public void AddSkill(string skill)
            {
                skills.Add(skill);
            }

            public void ShowSkills()
            {
                printf skills
            }
        }

        public abstract class Builder
        {
            public abstract void BuildASkill();
            public abstract void BuildBSkill();
            public abstract SoccerPlayer GetSoccerPlayer();
        }

        public class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder
        {
            private SoccerPlayer soccerPlayer = new SoccerPlayer();
            
            public override void BuildASkill()
            {
                添加任意球技能
                soccerPlayer.AddSkill("FreeKick");
            }

            public override void BuildBSkill()
            {
                添加角球技能
                soccerPlayer.AddSkill("CornerKick");
            }

            public override SoccerPlayer GetSoccerPlayer()
            {
                return soccerPlayer;
            }
        }

        public class ConcreteBuilder2 : Builder
        {
            private SoccerPlayer soccerPlayer = new SoccerPlayer();

            public override void BuildASkill()
            {
                添加长传技能
                soccerPlayer.AddSkill("LongPass");
            }

            public override void BuildBSkill()
            {
                添加短传技能
                soccerPlayer.AddSkill("ShortPass");
            }

            public override SoccerPlayer GetSoccerPlayer()
            {
                return soccerPlayer;
            }
        }

        public class Director
        {
            public void Construct(Builder builder)
            {
                builder.BuildASkill();
                builder.BuildBSkill();
            }
        }

        public class YouthCamp
        {
            public void Test()
            {
                Director coach = new Director();
                ConcreteBuilder1 concreteBuilder1 = new ConcreteBuilder1();
                ConcreteBuilder2 concreteBuilder2 = new ConcreteBuilder2();
                coach.Construct(concreteBuilder1);
                SoccerPlayer player1 = concreteBuilder1.GetSoccerPlayer();
                player1.ShowSkills();
                coach.Construct(concreteBuilder2);
                SoccerPlayer player2 = concreteBuilder2.GetSoccerPlayer();
                player2.ShowSkills();
            }
        }

总之，Builder模式就是把复杂对象的创建和部件的创建分别开来,对象的创建用Director类来表示，而部件的创建用Builder类来表示.

适用性：

1、需要生成的产品对象有复杂的内部结构。
2、需要生成的产品对象的属性相互依赖，建造者模式可以强迫生成顺序。

3、当复杂对象的创建应该独立于该对象的组成部分和装配方式时