实验原理
YUV与RGB转换公式
由电视原理可知,RGB信号转换为YUV信号的公式为
Y= 0.2990R + 0.5870G + 0.1140B
U= -0.1684R - 0.3316G + 0.5B
V= 0.5R - 0.4187G - 0.0813B
YUV信号转换为RGB信号的公式为
R= Y + 1.4075(V−128)
G= Y − 0.3455(U−128) − 0.7169(V−128)
B= Y + 1.779 (U−128
YUV与RGB存储方式
YUV存储方式是将一帧图像的Y、U、V数据分开来存,先存所有的Y数据,再存所有的U数据,再存所有的V数据。
RGB存储方式是将一帧图像按像素点存储,先存第一个像素点的B、G、R数据,再存第二个点的B、G、R数据。
YUV与RGB所需存储空间
当YUV色度格式为4:4:4时,每一个像素点有一个Y一个U一个V,所需存储空间为height*width*3;
当YUV色度格式为4:2:0时,每一个像素点有一个Y,四个像素点共用一个U一个V,所需存储空间为height*width*1.5;
RGB格式每一个像素点有一个R一个G一个B,所需存储空间为height*width*3。
实验流程
打开RGB文件,先将RGB信号转换为4:4:4色度格式的YUV信号,再将4:4:4色度格式的YUV信号转换为4:2:0色度格式的YUV信号,最后写入YUV文件。
代码分析
yuv2rgb.h代码
#ifndef YUV2RGB_H_
#define YUV2RGB_H_
int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
#endif
yuv2rgb.cpp代码
/*
总步骤:先将4:2:0格式的YUV转成4:4:4格式的YUV 再把YUV转成RGB
*/
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
static float YUVRGB14075[256], YUVRGB03455[256], YUVRGB07169[256], YUVRGB17790[256];
/*
R=Y+1.4075(V−128)
G=Y−0.3455(U−128)−0.7169(V−128)
B=Y+1.779(U−128)
定义静态全局变量,计算所有可能出现的值
*/
int YUV2RGB (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *rgb_out, void *y_in, void *u_in, void *v_in, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char *r, *g, *b; //建RGB指针
unsigned char *y, *u, *v; //建YUV指针
float rr, gg, bb; //因为RGB可能会溢出 所以建立RGB中转变量
unsigned char *pu, *pv, *psu1, *psu2, *psv1, *psv2; //建把YUV转成4:4:4格式的指针
unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer, *rgb_buffer;
unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1; //检查图像宽高是否是偶数
size = x_dim * y_dim; //尺寸=宽×高
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_in; //输入YUV是4:2:0格式
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)u_in;
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)v_in;
sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(x_dim * y_dim); //这两个buf用于转4:4;4格式
sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)malloc(x_dim * y_dim);
b = (unsigned char *)rgb_out;
y = y_buffer;
u = sub_u_buf;
v = sub_v_buf;
for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++) //第j行 第i列
{
pu = u_buffer + j*x_dim/2; //pu是4:2:0格式的u
psu1 = sub_u_buf + 2*j*x_dim; //psu1和psu2是4:4:4格式的u
psu2 = sub_u_buf + (2*j+1)*x_dim;
pv = v_buffer + j*x_dim/2;
psv1 = sub_v_buf + 2*j*x_dim;
psv2 = sub_v_buf + (2*j+1)*x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
{
*psu1 = *(psu1+1) = *psu2 = *(psu2+1) = *pu; //把4:2:0格式转成4:4:4格式
*psv1 = *(psv1+1) = *psv2 = *(psv2+1) = *pv;
pu ++;
psu1 +=2;
psu2 +=2;
pv ++;
psv1 +=2;
psv2 +=2;
}
}
// convert RGB to YUV
if (!flip) //YUV2RGB 倒序 flip0是倒序 flip1是正序
{
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++) //把YUV(4:4:4格式)转成RGB
{
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
rr = *y + YUVRGB14075[*v]; //按公式把YUV转成RGB
gg = *y - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v];
bb = *y + YUVRGB17790[*u];
//R= Y + 1.4075(V−128)
//G= Y − 0.3455(U−128) − 0.7169(V−128)
//B= Y + 1.779 (U−128)
*r = (unsigned char)(rr<0 ? 0 : rr>255 ? 255 : rr); //防止变换后色彩溢出0~255
*g = (unsigned char)(gg<0 ? 0 : gg>255 ? 255 : gg); //如果变换后小于0 则取0 大于255 则取255
*b = (unsigned char)(bb<0 ? 0 : bb>255 ? 255 : bb); //否则取变换后的值
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
}
//else的情况此处不需要 省略
if(sub_u_buf!=NULL) //关不需要的buffer
free(sub_u_buf);
if(sub_v_buf!=NULL)
free(sub_v_buf);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable() //提前计算所有可能的值
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.4075 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169 * (i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) YUVRGB17790[i] = (float)1.7790 * (i-128);
}
main.cpp代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
/* variables controlable from command line */
u_int frameWidth = 352; /* --width=<uint> */
u_int frameHeight = 240; /* --height=<uint> */
bool flip = FALSE;
unsigned int i;
/* internal variables */
char* rgbFileName = NULL; //定义文件名
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL; //定义文件指针
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL; //定义RGB、Y、U、V buffer
u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;
/* begin process command line */
/* point to the specified file names */
yuvFileName = argv[1]; //取YUV文件名
rgbFileName = argv[2]; //取RGB文件名
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]); //取宽
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]); //取高
/* open the YUV file */
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb"); //打开YUV文件
if (yuvFile == NULL) //判断能否打开文件
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
/* open the RGB file */
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb"); //打开已有或新建RGB文件
if (rgbFile == NULL) //判断能否打开文件
{
printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output rgb file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
/* get the output buffers for a frame */
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight); //赋YUV buffer
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
/* get an input buffer for a frame */
rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3); //赋RGB buffer
if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL) //判断buffer是否建好
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
while(fread(yBuf,1,frameWidth*frameHeight,yuvFile)
&&fread(uBuf,1,frameWidth*frameHeight/4,yuvFile)
&&fread(vBuf,1,frameWidth*frameHeight/4,yuvFile))
{
if(YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
{
printf("error");
return 0;
}
fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile); //写RGB文件
printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
}
printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);
/* cleanup */
if(rgbFile!=NULL) //关文件 关buffer
fclose(rgbFile);
if(yuvFile!=NULL)
fclose(yuvFile);
if(rgbBuf!=NULL)
free(rgbBuf);
if(yBuf!=NULL)
free(yBuf);
if(uBuf!=NULL)
free(uBuf);
if(vBuf!=NULL)
free(vBuf);
system("pause");
return(0);
}
实验结果与总结
把实验得到的RGB文件输入RGB to YUV文件后打开新得到的文件,与最开始变换的文件做比较,几乎没有误差。
但是实验过程中
rr = *y + YUVRGB14075[*v];
gg = *y - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v];
bb = *y + YUVRGB17790[*u];
*r = (unsigned char)(rr<0 ? 0 : rr>255 ? 255 : rr);
*g = (unsigned char)(gg<0 ? 0 : gg>255 ? 255 : gg);
*b = (unsigned char)(bb<0 ? 0 : bb>255 ? 255 : bb);
这一段代码若写为
rr = (unsigned char)(*y + YUVRGB14075[*v]);
gg = (unsigned char)(*y - YUVRGB03455[*u] - YUVRGB07169[*v]);
bb = (unsigned char)(*y + YUVRGB17790[*u]);
*r = (rr<0 ? 0 : rr>255 ? 255 : rr);
*g = (gg<0 ? 0 : gg>255 ? 255 : gg);
*b = (bb<0 ? 0 : bb>255 ? 255 : bb);
则图像会出现明显的红点