实验原理
YUV与RGB转换公式
RGB信号转换为YUV信号的公式为
Y= 0.2990R + 0.5870G + 0.1140B
U= -0.1684R - 0.3316G + 0.5B
V= 0.5R - 0.4187G - 0.0813B
YUV信号转换为RGB信号的公式为
R= Y + 1.4075(V−128)
G= Y − 0.3455(U−128) − 0.7169(V−128)
B= Y + 1.779 (U−128
YUV与RGB存储方式
YUV存储方式是将一帧图像的Y、U、V数据分开来存,先存所有的Y数据,再存所有的U数据,再存所有的V数据。
RGB存储方式是将一帧图像按像素点存储,先存第一个像素点的B、G、R数据,再存第二个点的B、G、R数据。
YUV与RGB所需存储空间
当YUV色度格式为4:4:4时,每一个像素点有一个Y一个U一个V,所需存储空间为height*width*3;
当YUV色度格式为4:2:0时,每一个像素点有一个Y,四个像素点共用一个U一个V,所需存储空间为height*width*1.5;
RGB格式每一个像素点有一个R一个G一个B,所需存储空间为height*width*3。
实验流程
打开RGB文件,先将RGB信号转换为4:4:4色度格式的YUV信号,再将4:4:4色度格式的YUV信号转换为4:2:0色度格式的YUV信号,最后写入YUV文件。
代码分析
rgb2yuv.h代码
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
rgb2yuv.cpp代码
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
static float RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];
int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size;
unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
// allocate memory
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_out;
sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_out;
sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_out;
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
{
if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
return 2;
}
b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
y = y_buffer;
u = u_buffer;
v = v_buffer;
// convert RGB to YUV
if (!flip) {
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
{
y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) {
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
} else {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
*y = (unsigned char)( RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2 + 128);
*v = (unsigned char)( (*r)/2 - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
b += 3;
y ++;
u ++;
v ++;
}
}
// subsample UV
for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
{
psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
{
*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1+1) + *pu2 + *(pu2+1)) / 4;
*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1+1) + *pv2 + *(pv2+1)) / 4;
psu ++;
psv ++;
pu1 += 2;
pu2 += 2;
pv1 += 2;
pv2 += 2;
}
}
free(u_buffer);
free(v_buffer);
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}
main.cpp代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "rgb2yuv.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
/*
* rgb2yuv
* required arg1 should be the input RAW RGB24 file
* required arg2 should be the output RAW YUV12 file
*/
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
/* variables controlable from command line */
u_int frameWidth = 352; /* --width=<uint> */
u_int frameHeight = 240; /* --height=<uint> */
bool flip = TRUE; /* --flip */
unsigned int i;
/* internal variables */
char* rgbFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;
/* begin process command line */
/* point to the specified file names */
rgbFileName = argv[1];
yuvFileName = argv[2];
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
/* open the RGB file */
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "rb+");
if (rgbFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The input rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
/* open the RAW file */
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "wb+");
if (yuvFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
/* get an input buffer for a frame */
rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);
/* get the output buffers for a frame */
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
while (fread(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile))
{
if(RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
{
printf("error");
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight; i++)
{
if (yBuf[i] < 16) yBuf[i] = 16;
if (yBuf[i] > 235) yBuf[i] = 235;
}
for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight/4; i++)
{
if (uBuf[i] < 16) uBuf[i] = 16;
if (uBuf[i] > 240) uBuf[i] = 240;
if (vBuf[i] < 16) vBuf[i] = 16;
if (vBuf[i] > 240) vBuf[i] = 240;
}
fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
}
printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);
/* cleanup */
free(rgbBuf);
free(yBuf);
free(uBuf);
free(vBuf);
fclose(rgbFile);
fclose(yuvFile);
return(0);
}
yuv2rgb.h代码
#ifndef YUV2RGB_H_
#define YUV2RGB_H_
#endif
int YUV2RGB(int x_dim, int y_dim, void *y_int, void *u_int, void *v_int, void *out_rgb, int flip);
void InitLookupTable();
yuv2rgb.cpp代码
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
static float YUVRGB14075[256];
static float YUVRGB07169[256], YUVRGB03455[256];
static float YUVRGB1779[256];
int YUV2RGB(int x_dim, int y_dim, void *y_int, void *u_int, void *v_int, void *out_rgb, int flip)
{
static int init_done = 0;
long i, j, size; //define buffer
float r_tmp, b_tmp, g_tmp;
unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
unsigned char *r,*g,*b;
unsigned char *y_buffer, *v_buffer, *u_buffer;
if (init_done == 0)
{
InitLookupTable();
init_done = 1;
}
if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
size = x_dim * y_dim;
y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_int;
u_buffer = (unsigned char *)u_int;
v_buffer = (unsigned char *)v_int;
y = y_buffer;
v = v_buffer;
u = u_buffer;
b = (unsigned char *)out_rgb;
if (!flip)
{
}
else
{
for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j++)
{
for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i++)
{
g = b + 1;
r = b + 2;
r_tmp = ((*y) + YUVRGB14075[*v]);
g_tmp = ((*y) - YUVRGB07169[*v] - YUVRGB03455[*u]);
b_tmp = ((*y) + YUVRGB1779[*u]);
*r = (unsigned char)(r_tmp<0 ? 0 : r_tmp>255 ? 255 : r_tmp);
*g = (unsigned char)(g_tmp<0 ? 0 : g_tmp>255 ? 255 : g_tmp);
*b = (unsigned char)(b_tmp<0 ? 0 : b_tmp>255 ? 255 : b_tmp);
b += 3;
y++;
u = u_buffer + (j / 2)*x_dim/2 + i / 2;
v = v_buffer + (j / 2)*x_dim/2 + i / 2;
}
}
}
return 0;
}
void InitLookupTable()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)YUVRGB14075[i] = (float)1.14075*(i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)YUVRGB07169[i] = (float)0.7169*(i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)YUVRGB03455[i] = (float)0.3455*(i-128);
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)YUVRGB1779[i] = (float)1.779*(i-128);
}
main.cpp代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"
#define u_int8_t unsigned __int8
#define u_int unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t unsigned __int32
#define FALSE false
#define TRUE true
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
u_int frameWidth = 352;
u_int frameHeight = 240;
bool flip = TRUE;
unsigned int i;
FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
char* rgbFileName = NULL;
char* yuvFileName = NULL;
u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;
yuvFileName = argv[1];
rgbFileName = argv[2];
frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
/* open the YUV file */
yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "rb+");
if (yuvFile == NULL)
{
printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
/*exit(1);*/
}
else
{
printf("The input yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
}
rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "wb+");
if (rgbFile == NULL)
{
printf("can't find rgb file\n");
exit(1);
}
else
{
printf("The output file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
}
/* get an input buffer */
yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
/* get an output buffer */
rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);
if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
{
printf("no enought memory\n");
exit(1);
}
/* yuv2rgb*/
fread(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
fread(uBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight / 4, yuvFile);
fread(vBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight / 4, yuvFile);
//DAI TIANXIE
if (YUV2RGB(frameWidth, frameHeight, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, rgbBuf, flip))
{
printf("error");
return 0;
}
if (fwrite(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth *frameHeight * 3, rgbFile))
printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n",
++videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);
/* cleanup */
if (rgbBuf)
free(rgbBuf);
if (yBuf)
free(yBuf);
if (uBuf)
free(uBuf);
if (vBuf)
free(vBuf);
if (rgbFile)
fclose(rgbFile);
if (yuvFile)
fclose(yuvFile);
return(0);
}
实验结果与总结
把输出得到的RGB文件输入RGB2YUV文件进行转换后打开输出的YUV文件并与第一次输出的YUV文件作对比,发现几乎没有不同。