原有Future 对象获取任务的执行状态:
package com.thread;
/**
* @author liuchj
* @version 1.0
* @className MyThreadTest
* @description //TODO
* @date 2019/5/29
**/
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class ThreadPoolTask {
/**
* 线程安全的队列
*/
static Queue<String> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<String>();
static {
//入队列
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
queue.add("task-" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThreadFactory threadFactory = new MyThreadFactory();
//线程池方式
ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5,
10L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), threadFactory);
List<Future<String>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<String>>(10);
for (int i = 0; i < queue.size(); i++) {
Future<String> future = executor.submit(new InnerThreadCallable());
futures.add(future);
}
for (Future<String> future : futures) {
try {
String result = future.get();
System.out.println("result = " + result);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭线程池中所有线程
executor.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 线程:执行出队列任务的线程
*/
class InnerThreadCallable implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
//出队列
while (ThreadPoolTask.queue.size() > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String value = ThreadPoolTask.queue.poll();
if (value != "" && null != value) {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行了task: " + value);
}
}
return "run";
}
}
class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private final ThreadGroup group;
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final String namePrefix;
public MyThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "Thread-";
}
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
return t;
}
}
执行结果:
线程Thread-4 执行了task: task-0
线程Thread-3 执行了task: task-1
线程Thread-2 执行了task: task-2
线程Thread-1 执行了task: task-3
线程Thread-5 执行了task: task-4
线程Thread-4 执行了task: task-5
线程Thread-3 执行了task: task-6
线程Thread-1 执行了task: task-7
线程Thread-5 执行了task: task-8
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
result = run
这段代码稍微有点复杂,而且有不足的地方。如果第一个任务耗费非常长的时间来执行,然后其他的任务都早于它结束,那么当前线程就无法在第一个任务结束之前获得执行结果,但是别着急,Java 为你提供了解决方案——CompletionService。一个 CompletionService 就是一个服务,用以简化等待任务的执行结果,实现的类是 ExecutorCompletionService,该类基于 ExecutorService,因此我们可试试下面的代码。
使用ExecutorCompletionService之后,代码如下:
package com.thread;
/**
* @author liuchj
* @version 1.0
* @className MyThreadTest
* @description //TODO
* @date 2019/5/29
**/
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class ThreadPoolTask {
/**
* 线程安全的队列
*/
static Queue<String> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<String>();
static {
//入队列
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
queue.add("task-" + i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyThreadFactory threadFactory = new MyThreadFactory();
//线程池方式
ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5,
10L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), threadFactory);
CompletionService<String> pool = new ExecutorCompletionService<String>(executor);
for (int i = 0; i < queue.size(); i++) {
pool.submit(new InnerThreadCallable());
}
for (int i = 0; i < queue.size(); i++) {
try {
String result = pool.take().get();
System.out.println("result = " + result);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//Compute the result
}
executor.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* 线程:执行出队列任务的线程
*/
class InnerThreadCallable implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
//出队列
while (ThreadPoolTask.queue.size() > 0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String value = ThreadPoolTask.queue.poll();
if (value != "" && null != value) {
System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行了task: " + value);
}
}
return "run";
}
}
class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private final ThreadGroup group;
private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
private final String namePrefix;
public MyThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "Thread-";
}
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
return t;
}
}
执行结果:
线程Thread-3 执行了task: task-0
线程Thread-4 执行了task: task-1
线程Thread-1 执行了task: task-2
线程Thread-2 执行了task: task-3
线程Thread-5 执行了task: task-4
线程Thread-4 执行了task: task-5
线程Thread-3 执行了task: task-6
线程Thread-5 执行了task: task-7
线程Thread-1 执行了task: task-8
result = run
通过这段代码,我们可以根据执行结束的顺序获取对应的结果,而无需维护一个 Future 对象的集合。这就是本文的全部,通过 Java 为我们提供的各种工具,可以方便的进行多任务的编程,通过使用 Executors、ExecutorService 以及 CompletionService 等工具类,我们可以创建复杂的并行任务执行算法,而且可以轻松改变线程数。