leetcode题解-274. H-Index

题目：Given an array of citations (each citation is a non-negative integer) of a researcher, write a function to compute the researcher’s h-index.
According to the definition of h-index on Wikipedia: “A scientist has index h if h of his/her N papers have at least h citations each, and the other N − h papers have no more than h citations each.”

For example, given citations = [3, 0, 6, 1, 5], which means the researcher has 5 papers in total and each of them had received 3, 0, 6, 1, 5 citations respectively. Since the researcher has 3 papers with at least 3 citations each and the remaining two with no more than 3 citations each, his h-index is 3.
Note: If there are several possible values for h, the maximum one is taken as the h-index.

本题是要求一个科学家的H_Index。也就是论文索引的一个指标。有h_index的定义可知，其值一定在0~citations范围内。所以我们可以使用一个数组来保存论文的索引次数。代码入下，可以击败58%的用户。

    public static int hIndex(int[] citations) {
        int n = citations.length, tot=0;
        //arr用来保存每个索引次数论文的数量。arr[0]就是索引次数为0的论文数
        //其长度比citations大一，是因为arr[n]用来保存索引次数大于n的论文数，因为索引次数大于n的文章一定是满足h_index的文章。
        int[] arr = new int[n+1];
        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
        //遍历citations数组，并将论文的索引信息保存到arr数组中
            if (citations[i]>=n) arr[n]++;
            else arr[citations[i]]++;
        }
        //为了求最大的h_index，所以倒叙遍历arr，直到找到满足条件的索引i并返回。
        for (int i=n; i>=0; i--) {
            tot += arr[i];
            if (tot>=i) return i;
        }
        return 0;
    }

当然除此之外也可以先把数组进行排序，但相比上面方法的两次循环而言效率反倒有所下降，主要是因为排序算法的效率是o(nlogn)，而上面代码的效率是o(n)。代码入下：

public int hIndex(int[] citations) {
        if (citations == null || citations.length == 0) return 0;
        Arrays.sort(citations);
        int len = citations.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < citations.length; i++) {
            if (len <= citations[i])
                return len;
            else
                len--;
        }
        return len;
    }

此外，还可以采用排序之后在进行二分搜索的方式，代码入下：

public int hIndex(int[] citations) {
    Arrays.sort(citations);

    int n = citations.length;
    int i = 0, j = n - 1;

    while (i <= j) {
        int k = (i + j) / 2;
        int v = citations[k];
        int h = n - k;
        if (v >= h) {
            j = k - 1;
        } else {
            i = k + 1;
        }
    }

    return n - j - 1;
}