python——if判断语句和逻辑运算符

一、if 判断语句

1、if判断语句

if 要判断的条件(True):
条件成立的时候，要做的事情
else:
条件不成立的时候要做的事情
或者是
if <判断条件1> ：
<条件1成立要执行的语句>
if <判断条件2> ：
<条件2成立要执行的语句>
else ：
<条件都不成立要执行的语句>

[root@localhost mnt]# vim age.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat age.py 
age = 17
if age >= 18:     
 print('you are too old ')
else:
 print('you are  too young')
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3  age.py 
you are  too young
[root@localhost mnt]#

2、elif判断

if 要判断的条件(True):
条件成立的时候，要做的事情
elif 要判断的条件(True):
…
elif 要判断的条件(True):
…
else:
条件不成立的时候要做的事情

grade = 90
if  grade > 90 :
    print ('your chengji is: A')
elif  grade ==90:
    print ('your chengji is : B')
else:
    print ('your chengji is :C')
print(grade)

3、if 判断是否为空

二、逻辑运算符

and
条件1 and 条件2
两个条件同时满足，就返回True
只要有一个条件不满足，就返回False
or
条件1 or 条件2
两个条件只要有一个满足，就返回True
两个条件都不满足的时候，就返回False

代码展示

[root@localhost mnt]# vim tongguo.py
[root@localhost mnt]# cat tongguo.py 
python_source = 80
c_source = 70
if python_source >= 60 or c_source >=50:
 print('exam is pass')
else:
 print('working hard')

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 tongguo.py 
exam is pass

random.randint(start，stop) 生成一个范围内的随机数

代码

[root@localhost mnt]# vim suiji.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat suiji.py 
user = float(input('please put a Num:'))
import random
computer = random.randint(0,999)
if user > computer:
 print('more bigger')
elif user == computer:
 print('the equal')
else:
 print('so little')

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 suiji.py 
please put a Num:88
so little

三、 if 案例展示

 需求：
# 1.从控制台输入要出的拳 ---石头(1)/剪刀(2)/布(3)
# 2.电脑随即出拳
# 3.比较胜负
# 石头 胜 剪刀
# 剪刀 胜 布
# 布 胜 石头

代码

[root@localhost mnt]# vim shitou.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat shitou.py 
player = int(input('please a put a shuzhi:----shitou(1) jiandao(2) bu(3)'))
import random
computer = random.randint(1,3)
if ((player ==1 and computer == 2) or
 (player ==2 and computer == 3) or
 (player ==3 and computer == 1)):
 print('wanjia is win')
elif ( player == computer ):
 print('pingju')
else:
 print('wanjia is defabet')

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 shitou.py 
please a put a shuzhi:----shitou(1) jiandao(2) bu(3)2
wanjia is win

判断闰年?

用户输入年份year, 判断是否为闰年?

• year能被4整除但是不能被100整除 或者 year能被400整除, 那么就是闰年;
  代码

[root@localhost mnt]# vim runnian.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat runnian.py 
year=int(input('please put year:'))
if ((year%4==0 and year%100!=0)
  or (year%400==0)):
 print('is runyear')
else:
 print('not runyear')

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 runnian.py 
please put year:2019
not runyear
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 runnian.py 
please put year:2008
is runyear

输入年、月，输出本月有多少天。合理选择分支语句完成设计任务。

[root@localhost mnt]# vim nianyue.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat  nianyue.py 
year = int(input('please put year: '))
month = int(input('please put month:'))
if month==1 or month==3 or month==5 or month==7 or month==8 or month==10 or month==12:
  print('this month have 31days')
elif month==4 or month==6 or month==9 or month==11:
  print('this month have 30days')
else:
 if ((year%4==0 and year%100!=0)  or (year%400==0)):
  print('this month have 29days')
 else:
  print('this month have 28days')
[root@localhost mnt]# 

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 nianyue.py 
please put year: 2018
please put month:3
this month have 31days
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 runnian.py 
please put year:2008
is runyear
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 nianyue.py 
please put year: 2008
please put month:2
this month have 29days
[root@localhost mnt]# 

3. 根据用于指定月份，打印该月份所属的季节。

提示: 3,4,5 春季 6,7,8 夏季 9,10,11 秋季 12, 1, 2 冬季

[root@localhost mnt]# vim jijie.py 
[root@localhost mnt]# cat jijie.py 
month = int(input('please put a Num: '))
if month==3 or month==4 or month==5:
 print('chunji')
elif month==6 or month==7 or month==8:
 print('xiaji')
elif month==9 or month==10 or month==11:
 print('qiuji')
elif month==12 or month==1 or month==2: 
 print('dongji')

效果展示

[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 jijie.py 
please put a Num: 5
chunji
[root@localhost mnt]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 jijie.py 
please put a Num: 9
qiuji