38count_and_say

 题目：给出第n个count_and_say序列

1.     1
 2.     11
 3.     21
 4.     1211
 5.     111221 
 6.     312211
 7.     13112221
 8.     1113213211
 9.     31131211131221
 10.   13211311123113112211

方法1：复杂度 是O(n*m) ,m是第n步时字符串的长度，属于暴力破解，很直接的方法

https://leetcode.com/problems/count-and-say/discuss/16354/C%2B%2B-solution-runtime-O(n)-space-O(n)

class Solution {
public:

    std::string countAndSay(int n) {
    
    	if (0 == n) return "";  
    	if (1 == n) return "1";
    	
    	std::string res="1";
    	std::string s;
    
    	for (int i = 1; i < n; i++){    // run from starting to generate second string
    
    		int len = res.size();
            
            //cheack all digits in the string
    		for (int j = 0; j < len; j++){  
    		    
    		    int count=1; // we have at least 1 occourence of each digit
    
                // get the number of times same digit occurred (be carefull with the end of the string)
				while ((j + 1 < len) && (res[j] == res[j + 1])){
					count++;    
					j++;        // we need to keep increasing the index inside of the string
				}
                
                // add to new string "count"+"digit itself"
    			s += std::to_string(count) + res[j];
    		}
    
            // save temporary result
    		res = s;
    		
    		// clean our string-helper
    		s.clear();
    
    	}
    
    	return res;
    }
};

方法2：与方法1基本相同

class Solution {
public:
    string countAndSay(int n) {
        if(0 == n) return "";
        string res = "1";
        while(--n){
            string cur = "";
            for(int i = 0; i <res.size();i++){
                int count = 1;
                while((i+1<res.size())&&(res[i]==res[i+1])){
                    count++;
                    i+=1;
                }
                cur += to_string(count)+res[i];
            }
            res = cur;
        }
        return res;
    }
};

方法3：递归,没明白其中的思路

string countAndSay(int n){
    if(1 == n) return "1";
    if(2 == n) return "11";
    string result = countAndSay(n - 1);
    string newresult = "";
    int count = 1;
    for(int i = 1;i < result.size(); ++i){
        if(result[i] != result[i-1]){
            //https://leetcode.com/problems/count-and-say/discuss/16113/How-to-proof-the-COUNT-is-always-less-than-10
            newresult.push_back('0'+count);//需要证明count < 10，这一点需要证明的，上一行链接
            newresult.push_back(result[i-1]);
            count = 1;
        }else{
            count++;
        }
        if(i == result.size() - 1){
            newresult.push_back('0'+back);
            newresult.push_back(result[i]);
        }
    }
    result newresult;
}

方法4：python groupby，非常高超的手法，学不来

def countAndSay(n):
    result = "1"
    for _ in range(n - 1):
        # original
        # s = ''.join(str(len(list(group))) + digit for digit, group in itertools.groupby(s))
        
        # decomposed
        v = '' # accumulator string
        # iterate the characters (digits) grouped by digit
        for digit, group in itertools.groupby(result):
            count = len(list(group)) # eg. the 2 in two 1s 
            v += "%i%s" % (count, digit) # create the 21 string and accumulate it
        result = v # save to result for the next for loop pass

    # return the accumulated string
    return result

 方法5：正则表达式

def countAndSay(self, n):
    s = '1'
    for _ in range(n - 1):
        s = re.sub(r'(.)\1*', lambda m: str(len(m.group(0))) + m.group(1), s)
    return s


def countAndSay(self, n):
    s = '1'
    for _ in range(n - 1):
        s = ''.join(str(len(group)) + digit
                    for group, digit in re.findall(r'((.)\2*)', s))
    return s