epoll小节

一. 参考博客

1. 讲解流、I/O、阻塞/非阻塞，select/epoll的异同点。

2. 讲解epoll的内核实现。

3. 水平触发和边沿触发

二. 水平触发和边沿触发

1. 水平触发：对于监听的套接字可读事件来说，只要套接字（udp和tcp）的缓冲区上有数据epoll就会一直通知套接字可读。

1.1 比如1：tcp发送端发送了100字节，epoll_wait唤醒后仅读取了50字节，因为缓冲区中仍有数据可读，第二次调用epoll_wait时，调用进程仍然会被唤醒。

1.2 比如2：tcp(udp)发送进程的发送频率大于接收频率，发送一段时间后，发送进程退出，接收进程仍能继续读出发送方退出前发送且未读的数据。

2. 边沿触发：对于监听的套接字可读事件来说，epoll_wait仅被唤醒一次。

2.1 比如1：tcp发送端发送了100字节，epoll_wait唤醒后仅读取了50字节，第二次调用epoll_wait时，调用进程不会被唤醒，缓冲区中的数据只有等到epoll_wait下次被唤醒时才能读出来。

2.2 比如2：tcp(udp)发送进程的发送频率大于接收频率，发送一段时间后，发送进程退出，接收进程不能读出发送方退出前发送且未读的数据。

tcp_server.c

#include <sys/types.h>          // socket
#include <sys/socket.h>         // socket
#include <netinet/in.h>         // struct sockaddr_incli_client_socket_init(void)
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ret = 0;
	int servfd = -1, len = 0, timeval = 0;
    uint32_t event_flag = 0;
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;

    if (1 == argc) {
        timeval = 1000;
    } else {
        timeval = atoi(argv[1]);
    }
    if (3 == argc) {
        if (strcmp(argv[2], "et") == 0) {
            event_flag |= EPOLLET;
        } 
    }

	servfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (-1 == servfd) {
		perror("socket");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
	}

    int reuse = 1;
    ret = setsockopt(servfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, (socklen_t ) sizeof(int));

	memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(4444);
	//servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = ADDR_ANY;
    ret = bind(servfd, 
               (const struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, 
               (socklen_t ) sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    if (-1 == ret) {
		perror("bind");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
    }

#define LISTEN_MAX  5
    ret = listen(servfd, LISTEN_MAX);
    if (-1 == ret) {
		perror("listen");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
    }

    int epfd = -1;
    struct epoll_event event;

    epfd = epoll_create(LISTEN_MAX);
    if (-1 == ret) {
		perror("epoll_create");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
    }

    memset(&event, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
    event.data.fd = servfd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | event_flag;
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, servfd, &event);

    int nfds = 0, connfd = -1, loop = 1;
    char read_buf[256];
    struct epoll_event events;
    socklen_t clilen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

    while (1) {
        usleep(1000 * timeval);

        nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, &events, 1, 0);
        //nfds = epoll_wait(epfd, &events, 1, timeval);
        if (-1 == nfds) {
            printf("error occurs\n");
            continue;
        } else if (0 == nfds) {
            // timeout
            printf("timeout[%d]\n", loop++);
        } else {
            if (servfd == events.data.fd) {
                connfd = accept(servfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &clilen);
                if (-1 == connfd) {
		            perror("accept");
                    continue;
                }

                memset(&event, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
                event.data.fd = connfd;
                event.events = EPOLLIN | event_flag;
                epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &event);

                printf("new connect\n");
            } else {
                memset(read_buf, 0, sizeof(read_buf));
                read(events.data.fd, read_buf, 1);
                printf("data[%s]\n", read_buf);
            }
        }
    }
errexit:
	return ret;
}

tcp_client.c

#include <sys/types.h>          // socket
#include <sys/socket.h>         // socket
#include <netinet/in.h>         // struct sockaddr_incli_client_socket_init(void)
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int ret = 0;
	int cli_fd = -1, len = 0, timeval = 0;
	uint32_t serv_ip = 0;
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;

    if (1 == argc) {
        printf("Usage: ./cli IP TIME\n");
        return -1;
    } else if (2 == argc) {
        timeval = 1000;
    } else {
        timeval = atoi(argv[2]);
    }

	cli_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if (-1 == cli_fd) {
		perror("socket");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
	}

    int reuse = 1;
    ret = setsockopt(cli_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, (socklen_t ) sizeof(int));

    int fdflag = 0;
    fdflag = fcntl(cli_fd, F_GETFL);
    if (fdflag & O_NONBLOCK == O_NONBLOCK) {
        printf("nonblock socket.\n");
    } else {
        printf("block socket.\n");
    }

	printf("dest ip: %s\r\n", argv[1]);
	ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &serv_ip);
	if (1 != ret) {
		perror("inet_pton");
		ret = -1;
		goto errexit;
	}
	memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(4444);
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = serv_ip;
	ret = connect(cli_fd, (const struct sockaddr *) &servaddr, (socklen_t) sizeof(servaddr));
	if (-1 == ret) {
		perror("connect");
		goto errexit;
	}

	printf("Succeed to connect to server\r\n");

    int loop = 1;
    char write_buf[256] = {"x"};
    while (1) {
        memset(write_buf, 0, sizeof(write_buf));
        snprintf(write_buf, sizeof(write_buf), "%d", loop++);
	    write(cli_fd, write_buf, strlen(write_buf));
        printf("%s\n", write_buf);

        usleep(1000 * timeval);
    }
errexit:
	return ret;
}

三、阻塞/非阻塞与水平触发/边沿触发

1. tcp监听套接字list_fd最好采用水平触发方式。因为客户端高并发连接的情况下，边沿触发方式可能某些客户端连接不上服务端。

2. tcp已连接套接字conn_fd最好设置成非阻塞套接字，且以边沿触发的方式加入到epoll中；并且每次收到输入事件应该以循环的方式读取数据，直至recv()返回-1且errno被设置为EAGAIN或EWOULDBLOCK。

金沙江项目中为什么采用水平触发，为什么采用边沿触发会丢事件。