Android基本之Broadcast Receiver

 

1、Broadcast Receiver简介
2、Broadcast Receiver接收定时发送的广播
3、自定义广播

一、Broadcast Receiver简介

Intent是一个对动作和行为的抽象描述，负责组件之间程序之间进行消息传递。那么Broadcast Receiver组件就提供了一种把Intent作为一个消息广播出去，由所有对其感兴趣的程序对其作出反应的机制。

可以使用BroadcastReceiver使应用程序代码能够响应外部事件，如电话呼入、数据网络可用等。尽管BroadcastReceiver可以使用NotificationManager来提醒用户一些感兴趣的事件的发生，但是它并不显示用户界面。

BroadcastReceiver在AndroidManifest.xml中完成注册，也可以在代码中通过Context.registerReceiver()方法完成注册。

应用程序也可以通过Context.sendBroadcast()将自身的intent 广播给其他应用程序。

二、Broadcast Receiver接收定时发送的广播

做一个例子，功能是接收定时发送的广播。

 

1、建立OneShotAlarm.java 内容如下：

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1. package com.example.android.apis.app;  
2.   
3. import android.content.Context;  
4. import android.content.Intent;  
5. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
6. import android.widget.Toast;  
7.   
8. // Need the following import to get access to the app resources, since this   
9. // class is in a sub-package.   
10. import com.example.android.apis.R;  
11.   
12. /** 
13.  * This is an example of implement an {@link BroadcastReceiver} for an alarm that 
14.  * should occur once. 
15.  * <p> 
16.  * When the alarm goes off, we show a <i>Toast</i>, a quick message. 
17.  */  
18. public class OneShotAlarm extends BroadcastReceiver  
19. {  
20.     @Override  
21.     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)  
22.     {  
23.         Toast.makeText(context, R.string.one_shot_received, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
24.     }  
25. }  

package com.example.android.apis.app; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.widget.Toast; // Need the following import to get access to the app resources, since this // class is in a sub-package. import com.example.android.apis.R; /** * This is an example of implement an {@link BroadcastReceiver} for an alarm that * should occur once. * <p> * When the alarm goes off, we show a <i>Toast</i>, a quick message. */ public class OneShotAlarm extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Toast.makeText(context, R.string.one_shot_received, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }

2、在AndroidManifest.xml中注册此Receiver ：

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1. <receiver android:name=".app.OneShotAlarm" android:process=":remote" />  

<receiver android:name=".app.OneShotAlarm" android:process=":remote" />

3.在Activity中启动定时发送

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1. // When the alarm goes off, we want to broadcast an Intent to our   
2.             // BroadcastReceiver.  Here we make an Intent with an explicit class   
3.             // name to have our own receiver (which has been published in   
4.             // AndroidManifest.xml) instantiated and called, and then create an   
5.             // IntentSender to have the intent executed as a broadcast.   
6.             Intent intent = new Intent(AlarmController.this, OneShotAlarm.class);  
7.             PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(AlarmController.this,  
8.                     0, intent, 0);  
9.   
10.             // We want the alarm to go off 30 seconds from now.   
11.             Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();  
12.             calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());  
13.             calendar.add(Calendar.SECOND, 30);  
14.   
15.             // Schedule the alarm!   
16.             AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);  
17.             am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(), sender);  

// When the alarm goes off, we want to broadcast an Intent to our // BroadcastReceiver. Here we make an Intent with an explicit class // name to have our own receiver (which has been published in // AndroidManifest.xml) instantiated and called, and then create an // IntentSender to have the intent executed as a broadcast. Intent intent = new Intent(AlarmController.this, OneShotAlarm.class); PendingIntent sender = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(AlarmController.this, 0, intent, 0); // We want the alarm to go off 30 seconds from now. Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(); calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()); calendar.add(Calendar.SECOND, 30); // Schedule the alarm! AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager)getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE); am.set(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(), sender);

三、自定义广播

1.发送广播

 

 

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1. //定义一个intent   
2.                 Intent intent = new Intent().setAction(  
3.                         "myAction").putExtra("myTag",  
4.                         "myData");  
5.                 //广播出去   
6.                 sendBroadcast(intent);  

//定义一个intent Intent intent = new Intent().setAction( "myAction").putExtra("myTag", "myData"); //广播出去 sendBroadcast(intent);

2.在AndroidManifest.xml中注册此Receiver

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1. <receiver android:name="MyBroadReciever">  
2.           <intent -filter="">  
3.                 <action android:name="myAction">  
4.             </action></intent>  
5.     </receiver>  

<receiver android:name="MyBroadReciever"> <intent -filter=""> <action android:name="myAction"> </action></intent> </receiver>

3.编辑Receiver

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1. package android.example;  
2.   
3. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
4. import android.content.Context;  
5. import android.content.Intent;  
6. import android.media.MediaPlayer;  
7. import android.util.Log;  
8.   
9. public class MyBroadReciever extends BroadcastReceiver {  
10.   
11.     //如果接收的事件发生   
12.     @Override  
13.     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
14.         //对比Action决定输出什么信息   
15.         if(intent.getAction().equals("myAction")){  
16.             Log.v("MyBroadReciever", "onReceive");  
17.         }  
18.     }  
19. }