Android基础——Broadcast和Broadcast Receiver

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已于 2024-03-05 17:51:03 修改

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分类专栏： # Android基础文章标签： android java android studio

于 2021-07-27 10:08:18 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35258036/article/details/119040488

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Broadcast和Broadcast Receiver

Broadcast和Broadcast Receiver是什么？
Broadcast Receiver使用

Broadcast和Broadcast Receiver是什么？

Broadcast发送信息，Broadcast Receiver则负责接收信息，Broadcast分为：

标准广播：发送的信息没有先后顺序，接收者都可收到该广播信息
有序广播：发送的信息有先后顺序，优先级高的接收者接收后可截断该广播，从而使后面的接收者无法继续接收

Broadcast Receiver使用

动态注册（网络监听）

registerReceiver()注册监听需传入BroadcastReceiver和intentFilter：
intentFilter过滤器添加需要监听的Action
NetworkChangeReceiver为自定义广播接收器继承BroadcastReceiver，重写onReceive(）处理接收到广播后的逻辑（通过ConnectivityManager中的NetworkInfo判断网络状态）
在onDestroy()中要取消注册

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver, intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }

    private class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ConnectivityManager connectivityManager= (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo=connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if (networkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isAvailable()) {
                Toast.makeText(context, "Network Available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(context, "Network Unavailable", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

            }
        }
    }
}

在运行前还需要再Mainfest.xml中的<manifest>标签添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

静态注册（开机自启动）

动态注册需要当程序启动后才能收到广播，因为注册的代码是写在onCreate()方法中的，而静态注册可以实现让程序在未启动状态下接收到广播，如接收开机广播实现应用的开机自启动。

右键点击包→New→Ohter→Broadcase Receiver，命名为BootCompleteReceiver，Exported表示是否允许接收本程序以外的广播，Enabled表示是否启动这个Broadcase Receiver，都勾选。

public class BootCompleteReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "Boot Complete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

修改Mainfest.xml，添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>

并在<receiver>标签中添加：

<intent-filter>
             <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>

Tips：
1.onReceiver()中不可以添加耗时操作，因为在BroadcastReceiver 中是不允许开启线程的，当onReceiver()运行较长时间还未结束就会导致程序报错。

Broadcast使用

标准广播

发送前先创建接收者MyBroadcastReceiver：

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context, "MyBroadcastReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

在Manfest.xml中给MyBroadcastReceiver添加<intent-filter>：

<intent-filter>
       <action android:name="MY_BROADCAST"/>
</intent-filter>

在activity_main.xml中添加一个按钮用于发送广播：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:text="send Broadcast"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity，利用sendBroadcast()方法发送标准广播，Android8.0不能发送全局广播，需要使用intent.setPackage()指定广播的范围

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button button=findViewById(R.id.btn);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent=new Intent("MY_BROADCAST");
                intent.setPackage("com.example.demo0");
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

有序广播

创建两个广播接收者

public class FirstReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.d("TAG", "FirstReceiver");
    }
}

public class SecondReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.d("TAG", "SecondReceiver");
    }
}

添加action，通过<intent-filter>标签中的android:priority属性设置广播接收者的优先级[-1000,1000]，高优先级优先接收广播

<receiver
    android:name=".SecondReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter android:priority="0">
        <action android:name="OrderBoardTest" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver
    android:name=".FirstReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
        <action android:name="OrderBoardTest" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

修改MainActivity，利用sendOrderedBroadcast()即可发送有序广播，第一个参数为intent，第二个参数为权限

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("OrderBoardTest");
intent.setPackage("com.example.demo0");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);

可看到优先级高的FirstReceiver先收到广播，若通过abortBroadcast()方法截断广播，则第二个广播接收者将无法收到广播
在这里插入图片描述

修改广播内容

修改有序广播代码，发送时创建Bundle传入sendOrderedBroadcast重载方法

Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putCharSequence("content", "hello world");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null, null, null, null, Activity.RESULT_OK, null, data);

在FirstReceiver的onReceiver中获取值并修改（使用intent无法修改）

public class FirstReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Bundle resultExtras = getResultExtras(true);
        String content = resultExtras.getCharSequence("content").toString();
        Log.d("TAG", "FirstReceiver content: " + content);
        resultExtras.putCharSequence("content", "hello Java");
        setResultExtras(resultExtras);
    }
}

在SecondReceiver取修改后的值

public class SecondReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Bundle resultExtras = getResultExtras(true);
        String content = resultExtras.getCharSequence("content").toString();
        Log.d("TAG", "SecondReceiver content: " + content);
    }
}

点击发送广播后，第一个广播中途修改了携带的信息
在这里插入图片描述

发送者：谁可以接收我的广播

在demo0作为发送者在Manifest申明权限

<permission android:name="com.example.demo0.PERMISSION" />

修改activity_main.xml创建按钮

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send"
        android:text="sendBroadcast"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity设置点击事件，发送时指定权限

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        findViewById(R.id.send).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setAction("PermissionTest");
                intent.setPackage("com.example.demo1");
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, Manifest.permission.PERMISSION);
            }
        });
    }
}

demo1作为接收者在Manifest使用权限，这样就可以接收demo0的广播

<uses-permission android:name="com.example.demo0.PERMISSION"/>

创建接收者重写onReceive

public class PermissionTestReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.d("TAG", "onReceive: action:" + intent.getAction());
    }
}

在Manifest指定action

<receiver
    android:name=".PermissionTestReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="PermissionTest"/>
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

接收者：谁可以给我发送广播

demo1作为接收者在Manifest中声明权限

<permission android:name="com.example.demo1.WHO_CAN_SEND2ME" />

创建接收者

public class PermissionTestReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.d("TAG", "onReceive: action:" + intent.getAction());
    }
}

为接收者指定action和permission

<receiver
    android:name=".PermissionTestReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true"
    android:permission="com.example.demo1.WHO_CAN_SEND2ME">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="PermissionTest" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

demo0作为发送者，使用权限，这样才能向demo1发送广播

<uses-permission android:name="com.example.demo1.WHO_CAN_SEND2ME"/>

发送广播指定demo1中接收者的action

Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("PermissionTest");
intent.setPackage("com.example.demo1");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);

本地广播

上面发送的广播属于全局广播，即发出的广播允许被其他应用程序接收，不够安全，数据可能被其他接收者截获。而本地广播只能够在应用程序内部进行传递。

添加依赖

implementation 'androidx.localbroadcastmanager:localbroadcastmanager:1.0.0'

发送和接收：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
    private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
        Button button = findViewById(R.id.btn);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent("localBroadcast");
                localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("localBroadcast");
        localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
        localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver, intentFilter);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);

    }

    class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "LocalReceiver", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}