Android 存储路径相关知识小结

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 19:12:13 发布

liujigangisgood

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-15 19:12:13 发布

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分类专栏： Android 知识点文章标签：存储 sdcard 路径 Environment Context

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Android开发过程,避免不了数据的一些持久化的操作,合理选择一个路径,对我们来说,相当的重要.下面列出了一些开发中一些常用的,有不足的地方,欢迎大家补充.

package com.liujigang.testapps;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * Created by liujigang on 2014/10/13 0013.
 * <p/>
 * <p/>
 * context.getFilesDir() = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files<p/>
 * context.getCacheDir() = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/cache<p/>
 * context.getExternalCacheDir() = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/cache<p/>
 * context.getExternalFilesDir(null) = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files<p/>
 * context.getExternalFilesDir("image") = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files/image<p/>
 * context.getPackageName() = com.liujigang.testapps<p/>
 * context.getPackageCodePath() = /data/app/com.liujigang.testapps-1.apk<p/>
 * context.getDatabasePath("config.db") = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/databases/config.db<p/>
 * context.getPackageResourcePath() = /data/app/com.liujigang.testapps-1.apk<p/>
 * context.getDir("temp", Context.MODE_PRIVATE) = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/app_temp<p/>
 * Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() = /storage/emulated/0<p/>
 * Environment.getDataDirectory() = /data<p/>
 * Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory() = /cache<p/>
 * Environment.getRootDirectory() = /system<p/>
 * Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory("others") = /storage/emulated/0/others<p/>
 * <p/>
 * <p/>
 * MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL 非法移除状态:移除sdcard之前,没有卸载sdcard<p/>
 * MEDIA_CHECKING 检查状态:检查sdcard的有效性,正在磁盘检查<p/>
 * MEDIA_MOUNTED 挂载状态:sdcard卡已经成功挂载,并具有读/写权限<p/>
 * MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY 只读状态:sdcard已经挂载,但是是只读的<p/>
 * MEDIA_NOFS NOFS状态:识别到sdcard卡,但无法挂载.无法挂载原因,可能是sdcard无存储介质,或者sdcard卡的文件系统与android无兼容<p/>
 * MEDIA_REMOVED 移除状态:sdcard成功移除<p/>
 * MEDIA_SHARED SDCard 共享状态:识别到sdcard卡,但sdcard未挂载,而是作为mass storage等设备(如以u盘的方式连接到电脑上)<p/>
 * MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE 无法挂载状态:识别到sdcard卡,但无法挂载.无法挂载的原因,可能是sdcard的存储介质部分损坏<p/>
 * MEDIA_UNMOUNTED 未挂载：识别到sdcard,但没有挂载<p/>
 * <p/>
 * <p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS 标准的铃声目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM 相机拍照或录像文件的存储目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS 下载目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_MOVIES 电影目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC 音乐目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS 提示音目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES 图片目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS 播客目录<p/>
 * Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES 铃声目录<p/>
 */
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private Context context;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        context = getApplicationContext();

        File filesDir = context.getFilesDir();//file路径
        File cacheDir = context.getCacheDir();//缓存路径
        File externalCacheDir = context.getExternalCacheDir();//获取应用程序sd卡缓存路径
        File externalFilesDir = context.getExternalFilesDir(null);//获取应用程序sd卡file路径
        File externalFilesDirImg = context.getExternalFilesDir("image");//会自动创建文件夹

        String packageName = context.getPackageName();//应用包名
        String packageCodePath = context.getPackageCodePath();//应用apk 文件路径
        File databasePath = context.getDatabasePath("config.db");//获取应用中的数据库路径,不自动创建,当databases 文件夹不存在时,报空指针异常
        String packageResourcePath = context.getPackageResourcePath();//应用apk 文件路径
        File contextDir = context.getDir("temp", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);// 创建文件夹 /data/data/包名/app_xxx 的文件夹

        File externalStorageDirectory = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory();// /storage/emulated/0 外在存储卡路径
        File dataDirectory = Environment.getDataDirectory();// /data文件夹,一般应用无权限操作
        File downloadCacheDirectory = Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory();// /cache文件夹,一般应用无权限操作
        File rootDirectory = Environment.getRootDirectory();// /system 文件夹,需要root 权限
        File externalStoragePublicDirectory = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory("others");//获取外部存储卡一个公开的文件夹,这个文件夹不一定存在,要使用前,要创建(File.mkdirs())


        Log.i(TAG, "context.getFilesDir() = " + filesDir.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getCacheDir() = " + cacheDir.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getExternalCacheDir() = " + externalCacheDir.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getExternalFilesDir(null) = " + externalFilesDir.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getExternalFilesDir(\"image\") = " + externalFilesDirImg.getPath());

        Log.i(TAG, "context.getPackageName() = " + packageName);
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getPackageCodePath() = " + packageCodePath);
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getDatabasePath(\"config.db\") = " + databasePath.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getPackageResourcePath() = " + packageResourcePath);
        Log.i(TAG, "context.getDir(\"temp\", Context.MODE_PRIVATE) = " + contextDir.getPath());

        Log.i(TAG, "Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() = " + externalStorageDirectory.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "Environment.getDataDirectory() = " + dataDirectory.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory() = " + downloadCacheDirectory.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "Environment.getRootDirectory() = " + rootDirectory.getPath());
        Log.i(TAG, "Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(\"others\") = " + externalStoragePublicDirectory.getPath());
    }

}

上面的Java类在activity中,获取了一些常用的路径,在log中显示.

具体效果如下图:

context.getFilesDir() = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files
context.getCacheDir() = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/cache
context.getExternalCacheDir() = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/cache
context.getExternalFilesDir(null) = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files
context.getExternalFilesDir("image") = /storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.liujigang.testapps/files/image
context.getPackageName() = com.liujigang.testapps
context.getPackageCodePath() = /data/app/com.liujigang.testapps-1.apk
context.getDatabasePath("config.db") = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/databases/config.db
context.getPackageResourcePath() = /data/app/com.liujigang.testapps-1.apk
context.getDir("temp", Context.MODE_PRIVATE) = /data/data/com.liujigang.testapps/app_temp
Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() = /storage/emulated/0
Environment.getDataDirectory() = /data
Environment.getDownloadCacheDirectory() = /cache
Environment.getRootDirectory() = /system
Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory("others") = /storage/emulated/0/others

不过我们在使用sd卡过程,要判断sd卡的状态,还要使用到Environment中的字段[其中 Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED 通常用来判断sd卡路径是否可用]:

Environment.MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL 非法移除状态：移除sdcard之前，没有卸载sdcard。
Environment.MEDIA_CHECKING 检查状态：检查sdcard的有效性,正在磁盘检查
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED 挂载状态：sdcard卡已经成功挂载,并具有读/写权限
Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY 只读状态：sdcard已经挂载，但是是只读的。
Environment.MEDIA_NOFS NOFS状态：识别到sdcard卡，但无法挂载。无法挂载原因，可能是sdcard无存储介质，或者sdcard卡的文件系统与android无兼容。
Environment.MEDIA_REMOVED 移除状态：sdcard成功移除
Environment.MEDIA_SHARED SDCard 共享状态：识别到sdcard卡，但sdcard未挂载，而是作为mass storage等设备(如以u盘的方式连接到电脑上)。
Environment.MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE 无法挂载状态：识别到sdcard卡，但无法挂载。无法挂载的原因，可能是sdcard的存储介质部分损坏。
Environment.MEDIA_UNMOUNTED 未挂载：识别到sdcard，但没有挂载

如果要做的更完善些的话,不仅要判断sd卡路径是否有效,还要每次存储时判断存储空间是否充足,还要跟完善些的话,还要写一个监听,来避免在存储过程中sd卡不可用了.

最后,附上一个常用的获取路径的代码:

    private String getPath() {
        String path;
        if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            File ef = getApplicationContext().getExternalFilesDir(null);
            if (ef != null && ef.isDirectory()) {
                path = ef.getAbsolutePath() + "/apk/";
            } else {
                path = getApplicationContext().getCacheDir().getPath() + "/apk/";
            }
        } else {
            path = getApplicationContext().getCacheDir().getPath() + "/apk/";
        }
        return path;
    }

个人认为:上面的"/",应该用File.separator来替代显得更专业些.

最后附上一些多媒体相关的路径:

Environment.DIRECTORY_ALARMS 标准的铃声目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_DCIM 相机拍照或录像文件的存储目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS 下载目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_MOVIES 电影目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC 音乐目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS 提示音目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES 图片目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_PODCASTS 播客目录
Environment.DIRECTORY_RINGTONES 铃声目录

参考文章:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7ed4baf90101nxh8.html