Docker 的常用命令

_kairui

已于 2022-12-06 13:45:33 修改

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分类专栏：运维 docker 文章标签： docker 容器运维

于 2022-12-03 16:34:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liulihui1988/article/details/128160959

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docker 帮助命令

docker version     # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info        # 显示docker的 系统信息，以及包括镜像以及容器的数量
docker --help      # 帮助命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline

镜像命令

docker images # 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@liulihui /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   14 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   14 months ago   231MB
#  解释
REPOSITORY    # 镜像的仓库源
TAG           # 标签
IMAGE ID      # 镜像id
CREATED       # 创建时间 
SIZE          #镜像大小

# 可选项
  -a, --all            # 列出所以的镜像
  -q, --quiet          #只显示所有镜像id

docker search # 搜索镜像

[root@liulihui /]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation??  13544     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou??  5165      [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M??  699       [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati??  595       [OK]       
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      79                   [OK] 

# 可选项 通过搜索过滤
  -- filter=STARS=3000  #搜索出来的镜像STARS大于300的

[root@liulihui /]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation??  13544     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou??  5165      [OK]

docker pull #下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@liulihui /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   # 如果不写tag 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载，docker images的核心，联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址

# 等价于他
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@liulihui /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

在这里插入图片描述
docker rmi # 删除镜像

[root@liulihui /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id  #删除指定容器
[root@liulihui /]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id   #删除多个指定容器
[root@liulihui /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部容器

容器命令

说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos镜像来测试

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名  Tomcat1 Tomcat2 用来区分容器
-d            后台方式用下
-it           使用交互方式运行，进入容器可查看内容
-p            指定容器端口 -p 8080:8088
     -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
     -p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
     -p 容器端口
     容器端口
-P   随机指定端口

# 启动，并进入容器
[root@liulihui /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@4f9cb12be84a /]# ls  # 查看容器内部cenos
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#从容器中 退回主机
[root@4f9cb12be84a /]# exit
exit
[root@liulihui /]# ls
bin  boot  data  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

列出所以运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
    # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a  # 列出当前正在运行的容器+历史运行的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q  # 只显示容器id

[root@liulihui /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@liulihui /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
4f9cb12be84a   centos         "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago   Exited (0) 4 minutes ago             eager_heisenberg
8b36a208feeb   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 40 hours ago    Exited (0) 40 hours ago              interesting_buck
e0c946e8f264   centos         "/bin/sh -c 'while t??   2 days ago      Exited (137) 2 days ago              strange_meninsky

退出容器

exit # 直接容器退出并停止
ctrl + P + Q # 容器退出不停止

删除容器

docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，强删 rm -f 
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重新启动容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前运行容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前运行容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@liulihui /]# docker run -d centos
# 问题 docker ps 发现centos 已停止了
# 常见的坑，docker 启动后运行 就必须有一个前台进程，docker 发现没有，就会自动停止

查看日志

# 命令 docker logs -t -f --tail 10 容器id ,没有日志

# 编写一段脚本
[root@liulihui /]# docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "while true;do echo liulihui;sleep 1;done"

# 显示日志
-tf  # 显示日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数

[root@liulihui /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             clever_roentgen
[root@liulihui /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 52c4f8dd8fae

查看容器中进程信息ps

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@liulihui /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             clever_roentgen
[root@liulihui /]# docker top 52c4f8dd8fae
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME             
root                29814               29796               0                   23:45               
root                31222               29814               0                   23:51

查看镜像元数据

# 命令 docker inspect 容器id 
[root@liulihui /]# docker inspect 52c4f8dd8fae
[
    {
        "Id": "52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330",
        "Created": "2022-12-03T07:45:27.111584019Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo liulihui;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 29814,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-12-03T07:45:27.743826817Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330/52c4f8dd8faefc09fbde950cb0c5b1cfae333a70c8a1a9bcd992950003213330-json.log",
        "Name": "/clever_roentgen",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "devicemapper",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "DeviceId": "49",
                "DeviceName": "docker-8:3-67617318-df3d09d629f86968c216b27da5cdc05c9ee465a5844064c43dcbaadd6d2df5d1",
                "DeviceSize": "10737418240"
            },
            "Name": "devicemapper"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "52c4f8dd8fae",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo liulihui;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "c3924dc5efdf4ce2852a778d5bc1f1c295953705947065b1262737ecb1ebabf3",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/c3924dc5efdf",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "cbc6672130eff917bffa69f37af2774139df270643f59ebd4f2c424ff8178238",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "9f6c5897a7b7ea30a1acd25fb193831f900143cf2bdda25a06ccf982721d6851",
                    "EndpointID": "cbc6672130eff917bffa69f37af2774139df270643f59ebd4f2c424ff8178238",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前运行的容器

# 命令 进入容器
docker exce -it 容器id /bin/bash

# 命令
[root@liulihui /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes             clever_roentgen
[root@liulihui /]# docker exec -it 52c4f8dd8fae /bin/bash
[root@52c4f8dd8fae /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 命令
docker attach 容器id  # 

# 说明
docker exce -it 容器id # 进入容器后启动一个新的终端，可以再里面操作(常用)
docker attach 容器id  # 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

# 命令
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的路径

# 查看当前运行的容器
[root@liulihui home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   35 minutes ago   Up 19 seconds             clever_roentgen

# 进入容器内部
[root@liulihui home]# docker exec -it 52c4f8dd8fae /bin/bash
[root@52c4f8dd8fae /]# cd /home/

# 新建test.java 文件
[root@52c4f8dd8fae home]# touch test.java

# 退出容器
[root@52c4f8dd8fae home]# exit
exit
[root@liulihui home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   37 minutes ago   Up About a minute             clever_roentgen
[root@liulihui home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
52c4f8dd8fae   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   37 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes                          clever_roentgen
9e57f030b1b4   centos    "/bin/bash -c 'while??   38 minutes ago   Exited (1) 38 minutes ago             cool_spence
d305e418a158   centos    "/bin/bash"              50 minutes ago   Exited (0) 3 minutes ago              trusting_greider

# 拷贝test.java 文件到主机上
[root@liulihui home]# docker cp 52c4f8dd8fae:/home/test.java /home/
[root@liulihui home]# ls
centos7  test.java

小结

在这里插入图片描述

_kairui

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Docker 的常用命令

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandlinedocker images # 查看所有本地主机上的镜像docker search # 搜索镜像docker pull #下载镜像docker rmi # 删除镜像容器命令说明：有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos镜像来测试新建容器并启动列出所以运行的容器退出容器删除容器启动和停止容器常用其他命令后台启动容器查看日志查看容器中进程信息ps查看镜像元数
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