C/C++ PrefixToNetmask、NetmaskToPrefix（网络掩码、Prefix 互转）

作用：

Netmask：255.255.255.0 

互转

Prefix：24

新实现：

            static int                                                          NetmaskToPrefix(unsigned char* bytes, int bytes_size) noexcept {
                if (NULL == bytes || bytes_size < 1) {
                    return 0;
                }

                int prefix = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes_size; i++) {
                    int b = bytes[i];
                    while (b) {
                        prefix += b & 1; 
                        b >>= 1;
                    }
                }
                return prefix;
            }

源实现：

            static UInt32                                                       PrefixToNetmask(int prefix) noexcept {
                UInt32 mask = prefix ? (-1L << (32L - prefix)) : 0L;
                return htonl(mask);
            }
            static int                                                          NetmaskToPrefix(UInt32 mask) noexcept {
                return NetmaskToPrefix(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&mask), sizeof(mask));
            }
            static int                                                          NetmaskToPrefix(unsigned char* bytes, int bytes_size) noexcept {
                int bitLength = 0;
                int idx = 0;

                if (NULL == bytes || bytes_size < 0) {
                    return bitLength;
                }

                // find beginning 0xFF
                for (; idx < bytes_size && bytes[idx] == 0xff; idx++);
                bitLength = 8 * idx;

                if (idx < bytes_size) {
                    switch (bytes[idx]) {
                    case 0xFE: bitLength += 7; break;
                    case 0xFC: bitLength += 6; break;
                    case 0xF8: bitLength += 5; break;
                    case 0xF0: bitLength += 4; break;
                    case 0xE0: bitLength += 3; break;
                    case 0xC0: bitLength += 2; break;
                    case 0x80: bitLength += 1; break;
                    case 0x00: break;
                    default: // invalid bitmask
                        return ~0;
                    }

                    // remainder must be 0x00
                    for (int j = idx + 1; j < bytes_size; j++) {
                        unsigned char x = bytes[j];
                        if (x != 0x00) {
                            return ~0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                return bitLength;
            }