Java定时任务调度工具详解（4）— Quartz 之 Job/JobDetail/JobExecutionContext/JobDataMap

三、浅谈Job&JobDetail

Job定义

实现业务逻辑的任务接口

浅谈Job

Job接口非常容易实现，只有一个execute方法，类似TimerTask的run方法，在里面编写业务逻辑。
Job接口源码
public interface Job {
    void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException;
}

Job实例在Quartz中的生命周期

每次调度器执行job时，它在调用execute方法前会创建一个新的job实例
当调用完成后，关联的job对象实例会被释放，释放的实例会被垃圾回收机制回收

浅谈JobDetail

JobDetail为Job实例提供了许多设置属性，以及JobDetailMap成员变量属性，
它用来存储特定Job实例的状态信息，调度器需要借助JobDetail对象来添加Job实例。

JobDetail属性

name：任务名称
group：任务所属组
jobClass：任务实现类
jobDataMap：传参的作用

四、浅谈JobExecutionContext&JobDataMap

JobExecutionContext是什么

当Scheduler调用一个Job，就会将JobExecutionContext传递给Job的execute()方法；
Job能通过JobExecutionContext对象访问到Quartz运行时候的环境以及Job本身的明细数据。

JobDataMap是什么

在进行任务调度时JobDataMap存储在JobExecutionContext中，非常方便获取。
JobDataMap可以用来装载任务可序列化的数据对象，当job实例对象被执行时这些参数对象会传递给它。
JobDataMap实现了JDK的Map接口，并且添加了一些非常方便的方法用来存取基本数据类型。

获取JobDataMap的两种方式

从Map中直接获取
Job实现类中添加setter方法对应JobDataMap的键值
（Quartz框架默认的JobFactory实现类在初始化job实例对象时会自动地调用这些setter方式）

代码演示

源码地址：https://gitee.com/liupeifeng3514/Timer-Quartz

HelloScheduler类改造

package helloquartz.two;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.quartz.JobBuilder;
import org.quartz.JobDetail;
import org.quartz.Scheduler;
import org.quartz.SchedulerException;
import org.quartz.SchedulerFactory;
import org.quartz.SimpleScheduleBuilder;
import org.quartz.Trigger;
import org.quartz.TriggerBuilder;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;

/**
 * 编写 任务调度类
 */
public class HelloScheduler {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {

        // 创建一个 JobDetail 实例，将该实例与 HelloJob 实例绑定
        JobDetail jobDeatil = JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class)
                .withIdentity("myjob", "jobgroup1")// 定义标识符
                .usingJobData("message", "hello myjob1")// 传入自定义参数
                .usingJobData("floatJobValue", 3.14F)// 传入自定义参数
                .build();

        System.out.println("--------jobDetail's name : " + jobDeatil.getKey().getName());
        System.out.println("--------jobDetail's group : " + jobDeatil.getKey().getGroup());
        System.out.println("--------jobDetail's jobClass : " + jobDeatil.getJobClass().getName());

        // 创建一个 Trigger 实例，定义该 job 立即执行，并且每隔两秒重复执行一次，直到永远
        Trigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                .withIdentity("myTrigger","trigroup1")// 定义标识符
                .usingJobData("message", "hello mytrigger1")// 传入自定义参数
                .usingJobData("doubleTriggerValue", 2.0D)// 传入自定义参数
                .startNow()// 定义立即执行
                .withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder
                        .simpleSchedule()
                        .withIntervalInSeconds(2)
                        .repeatForever())// 定义执行频度
                .build();

        // 创建 Scheduler 实例
        SchedulerFactory sfact = new StdSchedulerFactory();
        Scheduler scheduler = sfact.getScheduler();

        // 绑定 JobDetail 和 trigger
        scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDeatil, trigger);

        // 执行任务
        scheduler.start();

        // 打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00:00:00
        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        System.out.println("--------Current Time Is : " + sf.format(date) + "\n");
    }
}

HelloJob类改造

package helloquartz.two;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobDataMap;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.quartz.JobKey;
import org.quartz.TriggerKey;

/**
 * 编写 自定义任务
 */
public class HelloJob implements Job{

    // 方式二：getter和setter获取
    // 成员变量 与 传入参数的key一致
    private String message;
    private Float floatJobValue;
    private Double doubleTriggerValue;

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }
    public void setMessage(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
    public Float getFloatJobValue() {
        return floatJobValue;
    }
    public void setFloatJobValue(Float floatJobValue) {
        this.floatJobValue = floatJobValue;
    }
    public Double getDoubleTriggerValue() {
        return doubleTriggerValue;
    }
    public void setDoubleTriggerValue(Double doubleTriggerValue) {
        this.doubleTriggerValue = doubleTriggerValue;
    }
    @Override
    public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        // 打印当前的执行时间，格式为2017-01-01 00:00:00
        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        System.out.println("--------Current Exec Time Is : " + sf.format(date));

        // 编写具体的业务逻辑
        //System.out.println("Hello World!");

        JobKey key = context.getJobDetail().getKey();
        System.out.println("--------My name and group are : " + key.getName() + " : " + key.getGroup());

        TriggerKey trkey = context.getTrigger().getKey();
        System.out.println("--------My Trigger name and group are : " + trkey.getName() + " : " + trkey.getGroup());

        // 方式一：Map中直接  获取自定义参数
        JobDataMap jdataMap = context.getJobDetail().getJobDataMap();
        JobDataMap tdataMap = context.getTrigger().getJobDataMap();
        String jobMsg = jdataMap.getString("message");
        Float jobFloatValue = jdataMap.getFloat("floatJobValue");

        String triMsg = tdataMap.getString("message");
        Double triDoubleValue = tdataMap.getDouble("doubleTriggerValue");

        System.out.println("--------方式一：Map中直接  获取自定义参数---------");
        System.out.println("--------jobMsg is : " + jobMsg);
        System.out.println("--------jobFloatValue is : " + jobFloatValue);
        System.out.println("--------triMsg is : " + triMsg);
        System.out.println("--------triDoubleValue is : " + triDoubleValue);

        // 方式一：Map中直接获取 获取自定义参数
        JobDataMap jobDataMap = context.getMergedJobDataMap();
        jobMsg = jobDataMap.getString("message");
        jobFloatValue = jobDataMap.getFloat("floatJobValue");

        triMsg = jobDataMap.getString("message");
        triDoubleValue = jobDataMap.getDouble("doubleTriggerValue");

        System.out.println("--------方式一：Map中直接获取 获取自定义参数：context.getMergedJobDataMap()---------");
        System.out.println("--------jobMsg is : " + jobMsg);
        System.out.println("--------jobFloatValue is : " + jobFloatValue);
        System.out.println("--------triMsg is : " + triMsg);
        System.out.println("--------triDoubleValue is : " + triDoubleValue);

        // 方式二：getter和setter获取
        System.out.println("--------方式二：getter和setter获取---------");
        System.out.println("--------message is : " + this.message);
        System.out.println("--------jobFloatValue is : " + this.floatJobValue);
        System.out.println("--------triDoubleValue is : " + this.doubleTriggerValue + "\n");
    }
}

执行结果：

--------jobDetail's name : myjob
--------jobDetail's group : jobgroup1
--------jobDetail's jobClass : helloquartz.two.HelloJob
2018-03-06 19:36:37,692 [INFO ][main] Using default implementation for ThreadExecutor  (org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory:StdSchedulerFactory.java:1172) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,696 [INFO ][main] Job execution threads will use class loader of thread: main  (org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool:SimpleThreadPool.java:268) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,710 [INFO ][main] Initialized Scheduler Signaller of type: class org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl  (org.quartz.core.SchedulerSignalerImpl:SchedulerSignalerImpl.java:61) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,710 [INFO ][main] Quartz Scheduler v.2.2.3 created.  (org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler:QuartzScheduler.java:240) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,711 [INFO ][main] RAMJobStore initialized.  (org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore:RAMJobStore.java:155) 
--------Current Time Is : 2018-03-06 19:36:37

2018-03-06 19:36:37,712 [INFO ][main] Scheduler meta-data: Quartz Scheduler (v2.2.3) 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' with instanceId 'NON_CLUSTERED'
  Scheduler class: 'org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler' - running locally.
  NOT STARTED.
  Currently in standby mode.
  Number of jobs executed: 0
  Using thread pool 'org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool' - with 10 threads.
  Using job-store 'org.quartz.simpl.RAMJobStore' - which does not support persistence. and is not clustered.
  (org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler:QuartzScheduler.java:305) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,712 [INFO ][main] Quartz scheduler 'DefaultQuartzScheduler' initialized from default resource file in Quartz package: 'quartz.properties'  (org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory:StdSchedulerFactory.java:1327) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,712 [INFO ][main] Quartz scheduler version: 2.2.3  (org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory:StdSchedulerFactory.java:1331) 
2018-03-06 19:36:37,713 [INFO ][main] Scheduler DefaultQuartzScheduler_$_NON_CLUSTERED started.  (org.quartz.core.QuartzScheduler:QuartzScheduler.java:575) 
--------Current Exec Time Is : 2018-03-06 19:36:37
--------My name and group are : myjob : jobgroup1
--------My Trigger name and group are : myTrigger : trigroup1
--------方式一：Map中直接  获取自定义参数---------
--------jobMsg is : hello myjob1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0
--------方式一：Map中直接获取 获取自定义参数：context.getMergedJobDataMap()---------
--------jobMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0
--------方式二：getter和setter获取---------
--------message is : hello mytrigger1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0

--------Current Exec Time Is : 2018-03-06 19:36:39
--------My name and group are : myjob : jobgroup1
--------My Trigger name and group are : myTrigger : trigroup1
--------方式一：Map中直接  获取自定义参数---------
--------jobMsg is : hello myjob1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0
--------方式一：Map中直接获取 获取自定义参数：context.getMergedJobDataMap()---------
--------jobMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triMsg is : hello mytrigger1
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0
--------方式二：getter和setter获取---------
--------message is : hello mytrigger1
--------jobFloatValue is : 3.14
--------triDoubleValue is : 2.0