概要
本章介绍线程池的拒绝策略。内容包括:
- 拒绝策略介绍
- 拒绝策略对比和示例
拒绝策略介绍
线程池的拒绝策略,是指当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝,而采取的处理措施。
当任务添加到线程池中之所以被拒绝,可能是由于:第一,线程池异常关闭。第二,任务数量超过线程池的最大限制。
线程池共包括4种拒绝策略,它们分别是:AbortPolicy
, CallerRunsPolicy
, DiscardOldestPolicy
和DiscardPolicy
。
AbortPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,它将抛出 RejectedExecutionException 异常。
CallerRunsPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,会在线程池当前正在运行的Thread线程池中处理被拒绝的任务。
DiscardOldestPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,线程池会放弃等待队列中最旧的未处理任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到等待队列中。
DiscardPolicy -- 当任务添加到线程池中被拒绝时,线程池将丢弃被拒绝的任务。
线程池默认的处理策略是AbortPolicy
!
拒绝策略对比和示例
下面通过示例,分别演示线程池的4种拒绝策略。
- DiscardPolicy 示例;
- DiscardOldestPolicy 示例;
- AbortPolicy 示例;
- CallerRunsPolicy 示例;
1、DiscardPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy;
public class DiscardPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
// 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyRunnable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
结果说明:
- 线程池pool的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),这意味着"线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1"。
- 线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue,ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列,ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据""中分析的execute()代码可知:线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中,通过线程去执行;第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了!
2、DiscardOldestPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy;
public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
// 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyRunnable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果:
task-0 is running.
task-9 is running.
结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。
3、AbortPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
public class AbortPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());
try {
// 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyRunnable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(某一次)运行结果:
java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656)
at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27)
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,会抛出RejectedExecutionException。
4、CallerRunsPolicy 示例
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo {
private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1;
private static final int CAPACITY = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。
ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY));
// 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy"
pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
// 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i);
pool.execute(myrun);
}
// 关闭线程池
pool.shutdown();
}
}
class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyRunnable(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(this.name + " is running.");
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
(某一次)运行结果:
task-2 is running.
task-3 is running.
task-4 is running.
task-5 is running.
task-6 is running.
task-7 is running.
task-8 is running.
task-9 is running.
task-0 is running.
task-1 is running.
结果说明:将"线程池的拒绝策略"由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到"线程池正在运行的线程"中取运行。