一、索引的概念
1.1 数据库索引
- 是一个排序的列表,存储着索引值和这个值所对应的物理地址
- 无需对整个表进行扫描,通过物理地址就可以找到所需数据
- 是表中一列或者若干列值排序的方法
- 需要额外的磁盘空间
1.2 索引的作用
- 数据库利用各种快速定位技术,能够大大加快查询速率
- 当表很大或查询涉及到多个表时,可以成千上万倍的提高查询速度
- 可以降低数据库的IO成本,并且还可以数据库的排序成本
- 通过创建唯一性索引保证数据表数据的唯一性
- 可以加快表与表之间的连接
- 在使用分组和排序时,可大大减少分组和排序时间
1.3 索引的分类
普通索引、唯一索引、主键索引、组合索引、全文索引
索引创建的方法:
1)、直接创建索引
2)、修改表结构方式添加索引
3)、创建表结构时创建索引
1.3.1 普通索引
1)直接创建
mysql> create index id on student(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2)创建表时创建
mysql> create table teacher(id int(2) not null primary key, name char(16),adress int(10),index id_index(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show index in school.teacher;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| teacher | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| teacher | 1 | id_index | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)修改表结构方式创建
mysql> alter table student add index name_index(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.2 唯一索引
- 与“普通索引”基本相同
- 与普通索引的区别是索引列的所有值只能出现一次,即必须唯一
- 创建唯一索引的方式
1)直接创建
mysql> create unique index adress on teacher(adress);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.teacher;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| teacher | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| teacher | 0 | adress | 1 | adress | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| teacher | 1 | id_index | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2)创建表时创建
mysql> create table lisi(studynum char(10),name char(16) not null primary key,adress ,adress int(10),unique idexName(studynum));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show index in school.lisi;
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| lisi | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| lisi | 0 | idexName | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3)修改表结构创建
mysql> alter table lisi add unique index adress_index(adress);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.lisi;
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| lisi | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| lisi | 0 | idexName | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| lisi | 0 | adress_index | 1 | adress | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+-------+------------+--------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1.3.3 主键索引
- 主键索引是一种特殊的唯一索引,指定为“PRIMARY KEY”
- 一个表只能有一个主键,不允许有空值
1)创建表时创建
mysql> create table zhangsan(studynum int(2) not null primary key,name char(48),adress 8),adress int(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table wangwu(studynum int(2) not null, name char(48),adress int(10),primary key(studynum));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show index in school.wangwu;
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| wangwu | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+--------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2)修改表时创建
mysql> create table xiaoming(studynum int(2) not null,name char(48),adress int(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) //创建一个新的表
mysql> alter table xiaoming add primary key(studynum); //修改表结构创建主键索引
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.xiaoming;
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| xiaoming | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1.3.4 组合索引
- 可以是单列上创建的索引,也可以是在多列上创建的索引
- 最左原则,从左往右依次执行
mysql> create table xiaohong(id int(2) not null, name char(48),adress int(10),index xiaohong(id,name,adress));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show index in school.xiaohong;
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| xiaohong | 1 | xiaohong | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| xiaohong | 1 | xiaohong | 2 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| xiaohong | 1 | xiaohong | 3 | adress | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+----------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3.5 全文索引
- MySQL从3.23.23版开始支持全文索引和全文检索
- 索引类型为FULLTEXT
- 可以在CHAR、VARCHAR或者TEXT类型的列上创建
1)创建表时创建全文索引
mysql> create table xiaobai(id int(2) not null,name char(48) primary key,adress int(10),fulltext (name));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show index in school.xiaobai;
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| xiaobai | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| xiaobai | 1 | name | 1 | name | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | FULLTEXT | | |
+---------+------------+----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2)在已存在的表上创建全文索引
mysql> create fulltext index name_index on xiaobai(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.xiaobai;
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| xiaobai | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| xiaobai | 1 | name | 1 | name | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | FULLTEXT | | |
| xiaobai | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | FULLTEXT | | |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
3)通过SQL语句alter table创建全文索引
mysql> alter table student add fulltext index studynum_index(studynum);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.36 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 1
mysql> show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | studynum_index | 1 | studynum | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | FULLTEXT | | |
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1.4 创建索引的原则依据
- 表的主键,外键必须有索引
- 记录数超过300行的表应该有索引
- 经常与其他表进行连接的表,在连接字段上应该建立索引
- 唯一性太差的字段不合适建立索引
- 更新太频繁的字段不适合创建索引
- 经常出现在where子句中的字段,特别是大表的字段,应该建立索引
- 索引应该建在选择性高的字段上
- 索引应该建在小字段上,对于大的文本字段甚至超长字段,不要建索引
1.5 查看索引语法
SHOW INDEX FROM table_name;
SHOW KEYS FROM table_name;
查看索引的实例
show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | studynum_index | 1 | studynum | NULL | 0 | NULL | NULL | | FULLTEXT | | |
+---------+------------+----------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
1.6 删除索引语法
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP INDEX index_name;
删除索引的示例:
mysql> drop index studynum_index on student;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | id | 1 | id | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
mysql> alter table student drop index id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
show index in school.student;
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table | Non_unique | Key_name | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| student | 0 | PRIMARY | 1 | studynum | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | | BTREE | | |
| student | 1 | name_index | 1 | name | A | 0 | NULL | NULL | YES | BTREE | | |
+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
二、事务
2.1 事务的概念
- 是一种机制、一个操作序列,包含了一组数据库操作命令,并且把所有的命令作为一个整体一起向系统提交或撤销操作请求,即这一组数据库命令要么都执行,要么都不执行
- 是一个不可分割的工作逻辑单元,在数据库系统上执行并发操作时,事务是最小的控制单元
- 适用于多用户同时操作的数据库系统的场景,如银行、保险公司以及证券交易系统等等
- 通过事务的整体性保证数据的一致性
2.2 事务的ACID特点
- 原子性(Atomicity)
- 事务是一个完整的操作,事务的各元素是不可分的
- 事务中的所有元素必须作为一个整体提交或回滚
- 如果事务中的任何元素失败,则整个事务将失败
- 一致性(Consistency)
- 当事务完成时,数据必须处于一致状态
- 在事务开始前,数据库中存储的数据处于一致状态
- 在正在进行的事务中,数据可能处于不一致的状态
- 当事务成功完成时,数据必须再次回到已知的一致状态
- 隔离性(LsoLation)
- 对数据进行修改的所有并发事务是彼此隔离的,表明事务必须是独立的,它不应以任何方式依赖于或影响其他事务
- 修改数据的事务可在另一个相同数据的事务开始之前访问这些数据,或者在另一个使用相同数据的事务结束之后访问这些数据
- 持久性(Durablilty)
- 指不管系统是否发生故障,事务处理的结果都是永久的
- 一旦事务被提交,事务的效果会被永久的保留在数据库中
2.3 事务控制语句
- MySQL事务默认是自动提交的,当SQL语句提交时事务便自动提交
- 事务控制语句
- BEGIN或START TRANSACTION //开始一个事务
- COMMIT // 提交
- ROLLBACK // 回滚
- SAVEPOINT identifier // 创建保存点
- RELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier //删除保存点
- ROLLBACK TO identifier // 回滚到指定保存点
- SET TRANSACTION //设置事务的隔离级别
2.4 事务的控制方法
- 手动对事务进行控制的方法
- 事务处理命令控制事务
- bebin:开始一个事务
- commit:提交一个事务
- rollback:回滚一个事务
- 使用set命令进行控制
- set autocommit=0:禁止自动提交
- set autocommit=1:开启自动提交
- 事务处理命令控制事务
mysql> begin; //开始一个事务
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student value(1,'lisi',10);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student value(2,'xiaobai',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> savepoint a;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into student value(3,'xiaoming',30);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> savepoint b;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+------+----------+----------+
| id | name | studynum |
+------+----------+----------+
| 1 | lisi | 10 |
| 2 | xiaobai | 20 |
| 3 | xiaoming | 30 |
+------+----------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> rollback to a; //回滚一个事务
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student;
+------+---------+----------+
| id | name | studynum |
+------+---------+----------+
| 1 | lisi | 10 |
| 2 | xiaobai | 20 |
+------+---------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> rollback to b; //回滚一个事务b,但是只能向前回滚,无法向后回滚,所以会出现报错
ERROR 1305 (42000): SAVEPOINT b does not exist
mysql> commit; //结束一个事务
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
三、存储引擎
3.1 存储引擎的概念介绍
- MySQL中的数据用各种不同的技术存储在文件中,每一种技术都使用不同的存储机制、索引技巧、锁定水平并最终提供不同的功能和能力,这些不同的技术以及配套的功能在MySQL中称为存储引擎
- 存储引擎是MySQL将数据存储在文件系统中的存储方式或者存储格式
- MySQL常用的存储引擎
- MyISAM
- InnoDB
- MySQL数据库中的组件,负责执行实际的数据I/O操作
- MySQL系统中,存储引擎处于文件系统之上,在数据保存到数据文件之前会传输到存储引擎,之后按照各个存储引擎的存储格式进行存储
3.2 MyISAM的介绍
- MyISAM不支持事务,也不支持外键
- 访问速度快
- 对书屋完整性没有要求
- MyISAM在磁盘上存储成三个文件
- .frm文件存储表定义
- 数据文件的扩展名为.MYD(MYData)
- 索引文件的扩展名为.MYI(MYIndex)
- 表级锁定形式,数据在更新时锁定整个表
- 数据库在读写过程中相互阻塞
- 会在数据写入的过程阻塞用户数据的读取
- 也会在数据读取的过程中阻塞用户数据的写入
- 数据单独写入或读取,速度过程较快且占用资源相对少
3.3 - MyISAM支持的存储格式
- 静态表
- 动态表
- 压缩表
3.4 MyISAM适用的生产场景举例
- 公司业务不需要事务的支持
- 单方面读取或写入数据比较多的业务
- MyISAM存储引擎数据读写都比较频繁场景不适合
- 使用读写并发访问相对较低的业务
- 数据修改相对较少的业务
- 对数据业务一致性要求不是非常高的业务
- 服务器硬件资源相对比较差
3.5 InonDB特点介绍
- 支持4个事务隔离级别
- 行级锁定,但是全表扫描仍然会是表级锁定
- 读写阻塞与事务隔离级别相关
- 能非常搞笑的缓存索引和数据
- 表与主键以簇的方式存储
- 支持分区、表空间、类似Oracle数据库
- 支持外键的约束,5.5前不支持全文索引,5.5后支持全文索引
- 对硬件资源要求还是比较高的场合
3.6 InnoDB使用生产场景分析
- 业务需要事务的支持
- 行级锁定对高并发有很好的适应能力,但需确保查询是通过索引来完成
- 业务数据更新较为频繁的场景
如:论坛、微博等 - 业务数据一致性要求较高
如:银行业务 - 硬件设备内存较大(因为事务都先放内存),利用innodb较好的缓存能力来提高内存利用率,减少磁盘IO的压力
3.7 企业选择存储引擎依据
- 需要考虑每个存储引擎提供的核心功能及应用场景
- 支持的字段和数据类型
所有引擎都支持通用的数据类型
但不是所有的引擎都支持其它的字段类型,如二进制对象 - 锁定类型:不同的存储引擎支持不同级别的锁定
表锁定
行锁定
3.8 修改存储引擎
3.8.1 alter table 修改
未修改之前:
mysql> mysql> show table status from school;
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| lisi | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:58:24 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| student | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 3 | 5461 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:28:53 | 2020-12-24 15:42:43 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| teacher | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:48:41 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| wangwu | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:03:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaobai | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:19:51 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaohong | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:12:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaoming | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:08:15 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| zhangsan | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:01:55 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
修改zhangshan存储引擎为MyISAM
mysql> alter table zhangsan engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
修改之后:
mysql> show table status from school;
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| lisi | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:58:24 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| student | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 3 | 5461 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:28:53 | 2020-12-24 15:42:43 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| teacher | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:48:41 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| wangwu | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:03:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaobai | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:19:51 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaohong | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:12:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaoming | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:08:15 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| zhangsan | MyISAM | 10 | Fixed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43065671436730367 | 1024 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:52:32 | 2020-12-24 15:52:32 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.8.2 修改my.cnf,指定默认存储引擎并重启服务
在/etc/my.cfg配置文件棕修改[mysqld],下面添加default-storage-engine=InnoDB,然后重启服务
3.8.3 create table创建表时指定存储引擎
mysql> create table xusi(id int(2) not null primary key,name char(48),adress int(10)) engine=myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show table status from school;
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
| lisi | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:58:24 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| student | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 3 | 5461 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:28:53 | 2020-12-24 15:42:43 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| teacher | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 14:48:41 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| wangwu | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:03:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaobai | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 32768 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:19:51 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaohong | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:12:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xiaoming | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:08:15 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| xusi | MyISAM | 10 | Fixed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43065671436730367 | 1024 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:55:45 | 2020-12-24 15:55:45 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
| zhangsan | MyISAM | 10 | Fixed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 43065671436730367 | 1024 | 0 | NULL | 2020-12-24 15:52:32 | 2020-12-24 15:52:32 | NULL | utf8_general_ci | NULL | | |
+----------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------+----------+----------------+---------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)