Spring自动装配之Autowire

实体类

Car.java

package com.lanou3g.autowire;
public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private double price;
	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}
	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}	
}

Address.java

package com.lanou3g.autowire;
public class Address {
	private String city;
	private String street;
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}	
}

Person.java

package com.lanou3g.autowire;

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private Car car;
	private Address address;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}	
}

beans-autowire.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20181225221654753.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xpdXJvbmdzaGVuZzEyMw==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	
	<bean id="address" class="com.lanou3g.autowire.Address" p:city="Fujian" p:street="maweiqu">
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="car" class="com.lanou3g.autowire.Car" p:brand="baoma" p:price="3000000">
	</bean>
	<!-- 
	<bean id="person" class="com.lanou3g.autowire.Person" p:name="张飞" p:age="200" 
	p:address-ref="address" p:car-ref="car"></bean>
	-->
	<!-- 
	<bean id="person" class="com.lanou3g.autowire.Person" p:name="张飞" p:age="200" 
	autowire="byName"></bean>
	-->
	<bean id="person" class="com.lanou3g.autowire.Person" p:name="张飞" p:age="200" 
	autowire="byType"></bean>
</beans>

Test.java

package com.lanou3g.autowire;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-autowire.xml");
		Person person = ctx.getBean(Person.class);
		System.out.println(person);
	}
}

说明

可以使用autowire属性指定自动装配的方式，
byName 根据bean的名字和当前bean的setter风格的属性名进行自动装配，若有匹配的，
则进行自动装配，若没有匹配的，则不装配
byType 根据bean的类型和当前bean的属性的类型进行自动装配，若IOC容器中有1个以上
的类型匹配的bean，则抛异常

缺点：
1.如果使用了自动装配，则所有的引用的类都自动装配，不可以一个使用自动装配，另一个不使用
2.byName与byType两者只能使用其一，不能两者兼而有之

在开发过程中很少使用自动装配的功能，因为和自动装配功能所带来的好处比起来，
明确清晰的配置文档更有说服力一些