＜climits＞头文件定义的符号常量及使用

climits 定义了符号常量，这里总结了部分常用是：

符号常量	表示
CHAR_BIT	char的位数
INT_MAX	int的最大值
LONG_MAX	long的最大值
SHAR_MAX	short的最大值
LLONG_MAX	long long 的最大值
CHAR_MAX,CHAR_MIN	char的最大值和最小值
SCHAR_MAX,SCHAR_MIN	signed char的最大值和最小值
UCHAR_MAX,UCHAR_MIN	unsigned char的最大值和最小值

例如：

#include < iostream>
#include < climits>
using namespace std;
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) 
{
    int n_int = INT_MAX;
    short n_short = SHRT_MAX;
    long n_long = LONG_MAX;
    long long n_llong = LLONG_MAX;
    std::cout << "int is       " << CHAR_BIT << "  bytes." << '\n';
    std::cout << "short is     " << sizeof(short) << "  bytes." << '\n';
    std::cout << "long is      " << sizeof(long) << "  bytes." << '\n';
    std::cout << "long long is " << sizeof(long long) << "  bytes." << '\n';
    std::cout << "Maxinum values:" << '\n';
    std::cout << "int       : " << n_int << '\n';
    std::cout << "short     : " << n_short << '\n';
    std::cout << "long      : " << n_long << '\n';
    std::cout << "long long : " << n_llong << '\n';
    std::cout << "Bits per byte : " << CHAR_BIT << '\n';
    return 0;
}

结果如下：

int is       8  bytes.
short is     2  bytes.
long is      8  bytes.
long long is 8  bytes.
Maxinum values:
int       : 2147483647
short     : 32767
long      : 9223372036854775807
long long : 9223372036854775807
Bits per byte : 8