# head.s 编译生成目标文件后会被连接成system模块,并放在system的最前面
# 此时已经处于保护模式状态下了
/*
* linux/boot/head.s
*
* (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
* head.s contains the 32-bit startup code.
*
* NOTE!!! Startup happens at absolute address 0x00000000, which is also where
* the page directory will exist. The startup code will be overwritten by
* the page directory.
*/
.text
.globl _idt,_gdt,_pg_dir,_tmp_floppy_area
_pg_dir: # 注意页目录表将要放在这,0地址处
startup_32:
movl $0x10,%eax
mov %ax,%ds
mov %ax,%es
mov %ax,%fs
mov %ax,%gs
lss _stack_start,%esp # stack_start->ss:esp, stack_start在其他模块中定义,看名字是堆栈开始
call setup_idt # 初始化中断描述符表IDT
call setup_gdt # 初始化全局描述符表
movl $0x10,%eax # reload all the segment registers
mov %ax,%ds # after changing gdt. CS was already
mov %ax,%es # reloaded in 'setup_gdt'
mov %ax,%fs
mov %ax,%gs # 重新装在所有段寄存器
lss _stack_start,%esp
xorl %eax,%eax
1: incl %eax # check that A20 really IS enabled
movl %eax,0x000000 # loop forever if it isn't
cmpl %eax,0x100000
je 1b # 测试A20是否真的打开
/*
* NOTE! 486 should set bit 16, to check for write-protect in supervisor
* mode. Then it would be unnecessary with the "verify_area()"-calls.
* 486 users probably want to set the NE (#5) bit also, so as to use
* int 16 for math errors.
*/ # 下面是检测协处理器相关代码
movl %cr0,%eax # check math chip
andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
/* "orl $0x10020,%eax" here for 486 might be good */
orl $2,%eax # set MP
movl %eax,%cr0
call check_x87
jmp after_page_tables
/*
* We depend on ET to be correct. This checks for 287/387.
*/
check_x87:
fninit
fstsw %ax
cmpb $0,%al
je 1f /* no coprocessor: have to set bits */
movl %cr0,%eax
xorl $6,%eax /* reset MP, set EM */
movl %eax,%cr0
ret
.align 2
1: .byte 0xDB,0xE4 /* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */
ret
/*
* setup_idt
*
* sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to
* ignore_int, interrupt gates. It then loads
* idt. Everything that wants to install itself
* in the idt-table may do so themselves. Interrupts
* are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively
* sure everything is ok. This routine will be over-
* written by the page tables.
*/
setup_idt:
lea ignore_int,%edx # 取通用中断处理程序地址
movl $0x00080000,%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0008 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
# 上面是设置指向通用中断处理程序的中断门描述符
lea _idt,%edi
mov $256,%ecx
rp_sidt:
movl %eax,(%edi) # eax中存放的是中断门描述符的低四个字节
movl %edx,4(%edi) # edx中存放的是中断门描述符的高四个字节
addl $8,%edi # 调整地址指针
dec %ecx # 调整计数值
jne rp_sidt # 循环
lidt idt_descr # 加载中断描述符寄存器
ret # 返回主程序
/*
* setup_gdt
*
* This routines sets up a new gdt and loads it.
* Only two entries are currently built, the same
* ones that were built in init.s. The routine
* is VERY complicated at two whole lines, so this
* rather long comment is certainly needed :-).
* This routine will beoverwritten by the page tables.
*/
setup_gdt:
lgdt gdt_descr # 加载全局描述符寄存器,已在数据区初始化,固定的
ret # 返回主程序
/*
* I put the kernel page tables right after the page directory,
* using 4 of them to span 16 Mb of physical memory. People with
* more than 16MB will have to expand this.
*/
.org 0x1000 # 预留4个页表空间
pg0:
.org 0x2000
pg1:
.org 0x3000
pg2:
.org 0x4000
pg3:
.org 0x5000
/*
* tmp_floppy_area is used by the floppy-driver when DMA cannot
* reach to a buffer-block. It needs to be aligned, so that it isn't
* on a 64kB border.
*/
_tmp_floppy_area:
.fill 1024,1,0 # 填充一个1024字节的块
after_page_tables:
pushl $0 # These are the parameters to main :-)
pushl $0
pushl $0
pushl $L6 # return address for main, if it decides to. #此处压入的是main返回的地址
pushl $_main #此处压入main的地址,待会一RET就去执行main函数了
jmp setup_paging #实际上main不返回了
L6:
jmp L6 # main should never return here, but
# just in case, we know what happens.
/* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
int_msg:
.asciz "Unknown interrupt/n/r"
.align 2 # 2字对齐
ignore_int: # 非特殊的中断处理程序,输出上面的字符串
pushl %eax
pushl %ecx
pushl %edx
push %ds
push %es
push %fs
movl $0x10,%eax # 置段选择符
mov %ax,%ds
mov %ax,%es
mov %ax,%fs
pushl $int_msg
call _printk # 目前还没看到prink的代码
popl %eax
pop %fs
pop %es
pop %ds
popl %edx
popl %ecx
popl %eax
iret # 中断返回,弹出CPU中断时压入的标志寄存器
/*
* Setup_paging
*
* This routine sets up paging by setting the page bit
* in cr0. The page tables are set up, identity-mapping
* the first 16MB. The pager assumes that no illegal
* addresses are produced (ie >4Mb on a 4Mb machine).
*
* NOTE! Although all physical memory should be identity
* mapped by this routine, only the kernel page functions
* use the >1Mb addresses directly. All "normal" functions
* use just the lower 1Mb, or the local data space, which
* will be mapped to some other place - mm keeps track of
* that.
*
* For those with more memory than 16 Mb - tough luck. I've
* not got it, why should you :-) The source is here. Change
* it. (Seriously - it shouldn't be too difficult. Mostly
* change some constants etc. I left it at 16Mb, as my machine
* even cannot be extended past that (ok, but it was cheap :-)
* I've tried to show which constants to change by having
* some kind of marker at them (search for "16Mb"), but I
* won't guarantee that's all :-( )
*/
.align 2
setup_paging:
movl $1024*5,%ecx /* 5 pages - pg_dir+4 page tables */
xorl %eax,%eax
xorl %edi,%edi /* pg_dir is at 0x000 */
cld;rep;stosl # 前5页内存清零
movl $pg0+7,_pg_dir /* set present bit/user r/w */
movl $pg1+7,_pg_dir+4 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg2+7,_pg_dir+8 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg3+7,_pg_dir+12 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg3+4092,%edi
movl $0xfff007,%eax /* 16Mb - 4096 + 7 (r/w user,p) */
std
1: stosl /* fill pages backwards - more efficient :-) */
subl $0x1000,%eax
jge 1b #上面设置四个也表,分别映射物理内存0-16MB
xorl %eax,%eax /* pg_dir is at 0x0000 */
movl %eax,%cr3 /* cr3 - page directory start */
movl %cr0,%eax
orl $0x80000000,%eax
movl %eax,%cr0 /* set paging (PG) bit */
ret /* this also flushes prefetch-queue */
# 在改变分页处理标志位后需要使用转移指令刷新预取指令队列,在这用RET
# 这个RET弹出堆栈最后压入的main函数地址,执行main了,本程序到此结束
.align 2
.word 0 # 保证4字节对齐,并前两字节为0
idt_descr: # 加载中断描述符表寄存器时需要的6字节数据
.word 256*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries #界限
.long _idt #基址
.align 2
.word 0 # 保证4字节对齐,并前两字节为0
gdt_descr: # 加载全局描述符寄存器时需要的6字节数据
.word 256*8-1 # so does gdt (not that that's any #界限
.long _gdt # magic number, but it works for me :^) #基址
.align 3 # 按8字节(2^3)对齐
_idt: .fill 256,8,0 # idt is uninitialized #在代码中IDT将初始化
_gdt: .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */
.quad 0x00c09a0000000fff /* 16Mb */ # 可读可写数据段
.quad 0x00c0920000000fff /* 16Mb */ # 代码段
.quad 0x0000000000000000 /* TEMPORARY - don't use */
.fill 252,8,0 /* space for LDT's and TSS's etc */
# 此时已经处于保护模式状态下了
/*
* linux/boot/head.s
*
* (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds
*/
/*
* head.s contains the 32-bit startup code.
*
* NOTE!!! Startup happens at absolute address 0x00000000, which is also where
* the page directory will exist. The startup code will be overwritten by
* the page directory.
*/
.text
.globl _idt,_gdt,_pg_dir,_tmp_floppy_area
_pg_dir: # 注意页目录表将要放在这,0地址处
startup_32:
movl $0x10,%eax
mov %ax,%ds
mov %ax,%es
mov %ax,%fs
mov %ax,%gs
lss _stack_start,%esp # stack_start->ss:esp, stack_start在其他模块中定义,看名字是堆栈开始
call setup_idt # 初始化中断描述符表IDT
call setup_gdt # 初始化全局描述符表
movl $0x10,%eax # reload all the segment registers
mov %ax,%ds # after changing gdt. CS was already
mov %ax,%es # reloaded in 'setup_gdt'
mov %ax,%fs
mov %ax,%gs # 重新装在所有段寄存器
lss _stack_start,%esp
xorl %eax,%eax
1: incl %eax # check that A20 really IS enabled
movl %eax,0x000000 # loop forever if it isn't
cmpl %eax,0x100000
je 1b # 测试A20是否真的打开
/*
* NOTE! 486 should set bit 16, to check for write-protect in supervisor
* mode. Then it would be unnecessary with the "verify_area()"-calls.
* 486 users probably want to set the NE (#5) bit also, so as to use
* int 16 for math errors.
*/ # 下面是检测协处理器相关代码
movl %cr0,%eax # check math chip
andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
/* "orl $0x10020,%eax" here for 486 might be good */
orl $2,%eax # set MP
movl %eax,%cr0
call check_x87
jmp after_page_tables
/*
* We depend on ET to be correct. This checks for 287/387.
*/
check_x87:
fninit
fstsw %ax
cmpb $0,%al
je 1f /* no coprocessor: have to set bits */
movl %cr0,%eax
xorl $6,%eax /* reset MP, set EM */
movl %eax,%cr0
ret
.align 2
1: .byte 0xDB,0xE4 /* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */
ret
/*
* setup_idt
*
* sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to
* ignore_int, interrupt gates. It then loads
* idt. Everything that wants to install itself
* in the idt-table may do so themselves. Interrupts
* are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively
* sure everything is ok. This routine will be over-
* written by the page tables.
*/
setup_idt:
lea ignore_int,%edx # 取通用中断处理程序地址
movl $0x00080000,%eax
movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0008 = cs */
movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
# 上面是设置指向通用中断处理程序的中断门描述符
lea _idt,%edi
mov $256,%ecx
rp_sidt:
movl %eax,(%edi) # eax中存放的是中断门描述符的低四个字节
movl %edx,4(%edi) # edx中存放的是中断门描述符的高四个字节
addl $8,%edi # 调整地址指针
dec %ecx # 调整计数值
jne rp_sidt # 循环
lidt idt_descr # 加载中断描述符寄存器
ret # 返回主程序
/*
* setup_gdt
*
* This routines sets up a new gdt and loads it.
* Only two entries are currently built, the same
* ones that were built in init.s. The routine
* is VERY complicated at two whole lines, so this
* rather long comment is certainly needed :-).
* This routine will beoverwritten by the page tables.
*/
setup_gdt:
lgdt gdt_descr # 加载全局描述符寄存器,已在数据区初始化,固定的
ret # 返回主程序
/*
* I put the kernel page tables right after the page directory,
* using 4 of them to span 16 Mb of physical memory. People with
* more than 16MB will have to expand this.
*/
.org 0x1000 # 预留4个页表空间
pg0:
.org 0x2000
pg1:
.org 0x3000
pg2:
.org 0x4000
pg3:
.org 0x5000
/*
* tmp_floppy_area is used by the floppy-driver when DMA cannot
* reach to a buffer-block. It needs to be aligned, so that it isn't
* on a 64kB border.
*/
_tmp_floppy_area:
.fill 1024,1,0 # 填充一个1024字节的块
after_page_tables:
pushl $0 # These are the parameters to main :-)
pushl $0
pushl $0
pushl $L6 # return address for main, if it decides to. #此处压入的是main返回的地址
pushl $_main #此处压入main的地址,待会一RET就去执行main函数了
jmp setup_paging #实际上main不返回了
L6:
jmp L6 # main should never return here, but
# just in case, we know what happens.
/* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
int_msg:
.asciz "Unknown interrupt/n/r"
.align 2 # 2字对齐
ignore_int: # 非特殊的中断处理程序,输出上面的字符串
pushl %eax
pushl %ecx
pushl %edx
push %ds
push %es
push %fs
movl $0x10,%eax # 置段选择符
mov %ax,%ds
mov %ax,%es
mov %ax,%fs
pushl $int_msg
call _printk # 目前还没看到prink的代码
popl %eax
pop %fs
pop %es
pop %ds
popl %edx
popl %ecx
popl %eax
iret # 中断返回,弹出CPU中断时压入的标志寄存器
/*
* Setup_paging
*
* This routine sets up paging by setting the page bit
* in cr0. The page tables are set up, identity-mapping
* the first 16MB. The pager assumes that no illegal
* addresses are produced (ie >4Mb on a 4Mb machine).
*
* NOTE! Although all physical memory should be identity
* mapped by this routine, only the kernel page functions
* use the >1Mb addresses directly. All "normal" functions
* use just the lower 1Mb, or the local data space, which
* will be mapped to some other place - mm keeps track of
* that.
*
* For those with more memory than 16 Mb - tough luck. I've
* not got it, why should you :-) The source is here. Change
* it. (Seriously - it shouldn't be too difficult. Mostly
* change some constants etc. I left it at 16Mb, as my machine
* even cannot be extended past that (ok, but it was cheap :-)
* I've tried to show which constants to change by having
* some kind of marker at them (search for "16Mb"), but I
* won't guarantee that's all :-( )
*/
.align 2
setup_paging:
movl $1024*5,%ecx /* 5 pages - pg_dir+4 page tables */
xorl %eax,%eax
xorl %edi,%edi /* pg_dir is at 0x000 */
cld;rep;stosl # 前5页内存清零
movl $pg0+7,_pg_dir /* set present bit/user r/w */
movl $pg1+7,_pg_dir+4 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg2+7,_pg_dir+8 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg3+7,_pg_dir+12 /* --------- " " --------- */
movl $pg3+4092,%edi
movl $0xfff007,%eax /* 16Mb - 4096 + 7 (r/w user,p) */
std
1: stosl /* fill pages backwards - more efficient :-) */
subl $0x1000,%eax
jge 1b #上面设置四个也表,分别映射物理内存0-16MB
xorl %eax,%eax /* pg_dir is at 0x0000 */
movl %eax,%cr3 /* cr3 - page directory start */
movl %cr0,%eax
orl $0x80000000,%eax
movl %eax,%cr0 /* set paging (PG) bit */
ret /* this also flushes prefetch-queue */
# 在改变分页处理标志位后需要使用转移指令刷新预取指令队列,在这用RET
# 这个RET弹出堆栈最后压入的main函数地址,执行main了,本程序到此结束
.align 2
.word 0 # 保证4字节对齐,并前两字节为0
idt_descr: # 加载中断描述符表寄存器时需要的6字节数据
.word 256*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries #界限
.long _idt #基址
.align 2
.word 0 # 保证4字节对齐,并前两字节为0
gdt_descr: # 加载全局描述符寄存器时需要的6字节数据
.word 256*8-1 # so does gdt (not that that's any #界限
.long _gdt # magic number, but it works for me :^) #基址
.align 3 # 按8字节(2^3)对齐
_idt: .fill 256,8,0 # idt is uninitialized #在代码中IDT将初始化
_gdt: .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */
.quad 0x00c09a0000000fff /* 16Mb */ # 可读可写数据段
.quad 0x00c0920000000fff /* 16Mb */ # 代码段
.quad 0x0000000000000000 /* TEMPORARY - don't use */
.fill 252,8,0 /* space for LDT's and TSS's etc */