centos7安装python3

核心步骤

Python在centos7中随系统默认安装的版本为2.7.x，如2.7.5，替换为3.x版本的核心操作步骤如下：

1、yum安装基础工具包 & 备份2.7

1.1 yum安装基础工具包

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
yum install libffi-devel -y

1.2 备份2.7软链接

[root@server11-11 ~]$ python -V
Python 2.7.5
[root@server11-11 ~]$ which python
/usr/bin/python
[root@server11-11 ~]$ cd /usr/bin/
[root@server11-11 bin]$ ll python*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 9月 20 2017 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 9月 20 2017 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7136 8月 4 2017 python2.7

mv python python.bak.20190409

2、创建python3安装目录

mkdir /usr/local/python3

3、下载python3源码、编译、安装

python3 下载地址 : https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

安装时，请务必指定安装目录，方便后续有卸载需求时更便捷的删除文件夹，否则不指定安装文件将散落在各级系统目录下。

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
make && make install

如果看到如下提示，则安装已完成：

rm -f /usr/local/python3/share/man/man1/python3.1
(cd /usr/local/python3/share/man/man1; ln -s python3.8.1 python3.1)
if test "xupgrade" != "xno"  ; then \
	case upgrade in \
		upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
		install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
	esac; \
	 ./python -E -m ensurepip \
		$ensurepip --root=/ ; \
fi
/tmp/tmpo88dl1u9/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py:3: SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence \o
/tmp/tmpo88dl1u9/pip-18.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pip/_vendor/requests/status_codes.py:3: SyntaxWarning: invalid escape sequence \o
Looking in links: /tmp/tmpo88dl1u9
Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2

4、创建python3软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

5、善后工作

5.1 yum命令报错恢复

经查，报错原因为yum本身使用python2.x的执行环境。
修改 /usr/bin/yum 头部，由“ #!/usr/bin/python” 修改为 “#!/usr/bin/python2.7”，即指向旧python版本。