EventBus 源码解析
出处:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/40920453,本文出自:【张鸿洋的博客】
1、概述
一般使用EventBus的组件类,类似下面这种方式:
public class SampleComponent extends Fragment
{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}
public void onEventMainThread(param)
{
}
public void onEventPostThread(param)
{
}
public void onEventBackgroundThread(param)
{
}
public void onEventAsync(param)
{
}
@Override
public void onDestroy()
{
super.onDestroy();
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
}
}
大多情况下,都会在onCreate中进行register,在onDestory中进行unregister;
看完代码大家或许会有一些疑问:
1、代码中还有一些以onEvent开头的方法,这些方法是干嘛的呢?
在回答这个问题之前,我有一个问题,你咋不问register(this)是干嘛的呢?其实register(this)就是去当前类,遍历所有的方法,找到onEvent开头的然后进行存储。现在知道onEvent开头的方法是干嘛的了吧。
2、那onEvent后面的那些MainThread应该是什么标志吧?
嗯,是的,onEvent后面可以写四种,也就是上面出现的四个方法,决定了当前的方法最终在什么线程运行,怎么运行
既然register了,那么肯定得说怎么调用是吧。
EventBus.getDefault().post(param);
调用很简单,一句话,你也可以叫发布,只要把这个param发布出去,EventBus会在它内部存储的方法中,进行扫描,找到参数匹配的,就使用反射进行调用。
现在有没有觉得,撇开专业术语:其实EventBus就是在内部存储了一堆onEvent开头的方法,然后post的时候,根据post传入的参数,去找到匹配的方法,反射调用之。
那么,我告诉你,它内部使用了Map进行存储,键就是参数的Class类型。知道是这个类型,那么你觉得根据post传入的参数进行查找还是个事么?
下面我们就去看看EventBus的register和post真面目。
2、register
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
首先:
EventBus.getDefault()其实就是个单例,和我们传统的getInstance一个意思:
/** Convenience singleton for apps using a process-wide EventBus instance. */
public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}
使用了双重判断的方式,防止并发的问题,还能极大的提高效率。
然后register应该是一个普通的方法,我们去看看:
register公布给我们使用的有4个:
public void register(Object subscriber) {
register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, 0);
}
public void register(Object subscriber, int priority) {
register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, false, priority);
}
public void registerSticky(Object subscriber) {
register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, 0);
}
public void registerSticky(Object subscriber, int priority) {
register(subscriber, DEFAULT_METHOD_NAME, true, priority);
}
本质上就调用了同一个:
private synchronized void register(Object subscriber, String methodName, boolean sticky, int priority) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
methodName);
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
}
}
四个参数
subscriber 是我们扫描类的对象,也就是我们代码中常见的this;
methodName 这个是写死的:“onEvent”,用于确定扫描什么开头的方法,可见我们的类中都是以这个开头。
sticky 这个参数,解释源码的时候解释,暂时不用管
priority 优先级,优先级越高,在调用的时候会越先调用。
下面开始看代码:
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriber.getClass(),
methodName);
调用内部类SubscriberMethodFinder的findSubscriberMethods方法,传入了subscriber 的class,以及methodName,返回一个List。
那么不用说,肯定是去遍历该类内部所有方法,然后根据methodName去匹配,匹配成功的封装成SubscriberMethod,最后返回一个List。下面看代码:
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass, String eventMethodName) {
String key = subscriberClass.getName() + '.' + eventMethodName;
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods;
synchronized (methodCache) {
subscriberMethods = methodCache.get(key);
}
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
subscriberMethods = new ArrayList<SubscriberMethod>();
Class<?> clazz = subscriberClass;
HashSet<String> eventTypesFound = new HashSet<String>();
StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
while (clazz != null) {
String name = clazz.getName();
if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) {
// Skip system classes, this just degrades performance
break;
}
// Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
String methodName = method.getName();
if (methodName.startsWith(eventMethodName)) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
String modifierString = methodName.substring(eventMethodName.length());
ThreadMode threadMode;
if (modifierString.length() == 0) {
threadMode = ThreadMode.PostThread;
} else if (modifierString.equals("MainThread")) {
threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread;
} else if (modifierString.equals("BackgroundThread")) {
threadMode = ThreadMode.BackgroundThread;
} else if (modifierString.equals("Async")) {
threadMode = ThreadMode.Async;
} else {
if (skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
continue;
} else {
throw new EventBusException("Illegal onEvent method, check for typos: " + method);
}
}
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName);
methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) {
// Only add if not already found in a sub class
subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType));
}
}
} else if (!skipMethodVerificationForClasses.containsKey(clazz)) {
Log.d(EventBus.TAG, "Skipping method (not public, static or abstract): " + clazz + "."
+ methodName);
}
}
}
clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " has no public methods called "
+ eventMethodName);
} else {
synchronized (methodCache) {
methodCache.put(key, subscriberMethods);
}
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
呵,代码还真长;不过我们直接看核心部分:
22行:看到没,clazz.getMethods();去得到所有的方法:
23-62行:就开始遍历每一个方法了,去匹配封装了。
25-29行:分别判断了是否以onEvent开头,是否是public且非static和abstract方法,是否是一个参数。如果都复合,才进入封装的部分。
32-45行:也比较简单,根据方法的后缀,来确定threadMode,threadMode是个枚举类型:就四种情况。
最后在54行:将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了:new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List,最终放回。
注意下63行:clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();可以看到,会扫描所有的父类,不仅仅是当前类。
继续回到register:
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod, sticky, priority);
}
for循环扫描到的方法,然后去调用suscribe方法。
// Must be called in synchronized block
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod, boolean sticky, int priority) {
subscribed = true;
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
if (subscription.equals(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
}
// Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again)
// subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true);
int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || newSubscription.priority > subscriptions.get(i).priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
if (sticky) {
Object stickyEvent;
synchronized (stickyEvents) {
stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
}
if (stickyEvent != null) {
// If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)
// --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.
postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());
}
}
}
我们的subscriberMethod中保存了method, threadMode, eventType,上面已经说了;
4-17行:根据subscriberMethod.eventType,去subscriptionsByEventType去查找一个CopyOnWriteArrayList ,如果没有则创建。
顺便把我们的传入的参数封装成了一个:Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod, priority);
这里的subscriptionsByEventType是个Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList ; 这个Map其实就是EventBus存储方法的地方,一定要记住!
22-28行:实际上,就是添加newSubscription;并且是按照优先级添加的。可以看到,优先级越高,会插到在当前List的前面。
30-35行:根据subscriber存储它所有的eventType ; 依然是map;key:subscriber ,value:List ;知道就行,非核心代码,主要用于isRegister的判断。
37-47行:判断sticky;如果为true,从stickyEvents中根据eventType去查找有没有stickyEvent,如果有则立即发布去执行。stickyEvent其实就是我们post时的参数。
postToSubscription这个方法,我们在post的时候会介绍。
到此,我们register就介绍完了。
你只要记得一件事:扫描了所有的方法,把匹配的方法最终保存在subscriptionsByEventType(Map,key:eventType ; value:CopyOnWriteArrayList )中;
eventType是我们方法参数的Class,Subscription中则保存着subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;包含了执行改方法所需的一切。
3、post
register完毕,知道了EventBus如何存储我们的方法了,下面看看post它又是如何调用我们的方法的。
在看源码之前,我们猜测下:register时,把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType;那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取方法,然后调用。
下面看源码:
/** Posts the given event to the event bus. */
public void post(Object event) {
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);
if (postingState.isPosting) {
return;
} else {
postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
currentPostingThreadState是一个ThreadLocal类型的,里面存储了PostingThreadState;PostingThreadState包含了一个eventQueue和一些标志位。
private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {
@Override
protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
return new PostingThreadState();
}
}
把我们传入的event,保存到了当前线程中的一个变量PostingThreadState的eventQueue中。
10行:判断当前是否是UI线程。
16-18行:遍历队列中的所有的event,调用postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState)方法。
这里大家会不会有疑问,每次post都会去调用整个队列么,那么不会造成方法多次调用么?
可以看到第7-8行,有个判断,就是防止该问题的,isPosting=true了,就不会往下走了。
下面看postSingleEvent
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<? extends Object> eventClass = event.getClass();
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = findEventTypes(eventClass);
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(clazz);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
subscriptionFound = true;
}
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
if (eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
将我们的event,即post传入的实参;以及postingState传入到postSingleEvent中。
2-3行:根据event的Class,去得到一个List
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case PostThread:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MainThread:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BackgroundThread:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case Async:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
前面已经说过subscription包含了所有执行需要的东西,大致有:subscriber, subscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType), priority;
那么这个方法:第一步根据threadMode去判断应该在哪个线程去执行该方法;
case PostThread:
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) throws Error {
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
}
直接反射调用;也就是说在当前的线程直接调用该方法;
case MainThread:
首先去判断当前如果是UI线程,则直接调用;否则: mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);把当前的方法加入到队列,然后直接通过handler去发送一个消息,在handler的handleMessage中,去执行我们的方法。说白了就是通过Handler去发送消息,然后执行的。
case BackgroundThread:
如果当前非UI线程,则直接调用;如果是UI线程,则将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用
executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();。
case Async:
将任务加入到后台的一个队列,最终由Eventbus中的一个线程池去调用;线程池与BackgroundThread用的是同一个。
这么说BackgroundThread和Async有什么区别呢?
BackgroundThread中的任务,一个接着一个去调用,中间使用了一个布尔型变量handlerActive进行的控制。
Async则会动态控制并发。
到此,我们完整的源码分析就结束了,总结一下:register会把当前类中匹配的方法,存入一个map,而post会根据实参去map查找进行反射调用。分析这么久,一句话就说完了~~
其实不用发布者,订阅者,事件,总线这几个词或许更好理解,以后大家问了EventBus,可以说,就是在一个单例内部维持着一个map对象存储了一堆的方法;post无非就是根据参数去查找方法,进行反射调用。