Linux 系统下为Git 设置SSH

今天在另一台电脑上使用Git clone自己在bitbucket上的一个仓库时，出现了这样一个错误：
hero@hero:~$ git clone git@bitbucket.org:xb_liu/qt4.git
Cloning into 'qt4'...
Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

自己只记得第一次在自己电脑上配置时也遇到了同样的问题，但由于过得时间比较久了，所以解决问题的方法也已经模糊，这次又重新解决了一次，特此记录！

闲言少叙，书归正传。配置的过程主要分为一下几步：

（1）输入ssh -v命令查看是否已经安装了SSH，如没安装，需先安装，安装的效果图大致如下，版本可能不同：

hero@hero:~$ ssh -v
OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-3ubuntu1.2, OpenSSL 1.0.1c 10 May 2012
usage: ssh [-1246AaCfgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec]
           [-D [bind_address:]port] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile]
           [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]
           [-L [bind_address:]port:host:hostport]
           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]
           [-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport] [-S ctl_path]
           [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]
           [user@]hostname [command]

（2）输入ssh-keygen 产生公钥和私钥对，保存在默认位置即可，通常在～/.ssh目录下；

hero@hero:~$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hero/.ssh/id_rsa):
/home/hero/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hero/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hero/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
c2:0d:17:8c:21:88:7b:4a:45:79:79:4f:8f:07:88:c0 hero@hero
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| .o++ ++o        |
|. .E =.o.+       |
| .. . o + +      |
|...  . + o o     |
|.o    o S .      |
|.      .         |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+

（3）输入命令 ps -e | grep [s]sh-agent 产看agent是否运行，如果没有，用ssh-agent /bin/bash 命令打开；

hero@hero:~$ ps -e |grep [s]sh-agent
 1971 ?        00:00:00 ssh-agent

（4）采用 ssh-add ～/.ssh/id_rsa 命令加载你的身份认证信息；

（5）在bitbucket账户管理中添加你的公钥，将~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub的内容拷贝过去，点Add key;

（6）把你的仓库从HTTPS协议改变为SSH协议即可完成。

这样配置之后就可以了，git clone 执行正常。

hero@hero:~$ git clone git@bitbucket.org:xb_liu/qt4.git
Cloning into 'qt4'...
remote: Counting objects: 30, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (28/28), done.
remote: Total 30 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (30/30), 13.76 KiB, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2/2), done.