springmvc构建restful风格应用

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 15:00:03 发布

赶路人儿

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-30 15:00:03 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： springmvc restful

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuxiao723846/article/details/43730571

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1、restful介绍：

我们在 Web 应用中处理来自客户端的请求时，通常只考虑 GET 和 POST 这两种 HTTP 请求方法。实际上，HTTP 还有 HEAD、PUT、DELETE 等请求方法。而在 REST 架构中，用不同的 HTTP 请求方法来处理对资源的 CRUD（创建、读取、更新和删除）操作

/blog/1　HTTP　GET　 =>　　得到id　=　1的blog
/blog/1　HTTP　DELETE　=>　删除　id　=　1的blog
/blog/1　HTTP　PUT　 =>　　更新id　=　1的blog
/blog　　HTTP　POST　 =>　　新增BLOG

问题：

1.如何在java构造没有扩展名的RESTful url,如 /forms/1,而不是 /forms/1.do
2.浏览器的form标签不支持提交delete,put请求，如何曲线解决
3.springmvc rest 实现：springmvc的resturl是通过@RequestMapping 及@PathVariable annotation提供的,通过如@RequestMapping(value="/blog /{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)即可处理/blog/1 的delete请求.

2、实例：

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	version="2.5">

	<context-param>
		<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
		<param-value>60000</param-value>
	</context-param>
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>

	<!-- 编码过虑 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
			<param-value>true</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<!-- Spring监听 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>

	<!-- Spring MVC DispatcherServlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>springMVC3</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:springMVC-servlet.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping><!--覆盖default　servlet的/,　springmvc　servlet将处理原来处理静态资源的映射　-->
		<servlet-name>springMVC3</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
        <!--浏览器不支持put,delete等method,由该filter将/blog?_method=delete转换为标准的http　delete方法-->
	<!-- 解决HTTP PUT请求Spring无法获取请求参数的问题 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
		<servlet-name>springMVC3</servlet-name>
	</filter-mapping>


	<display-name>UikitTest</display-name>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

springmvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans default-lazy-init="true"
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd  
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">

	<!-- 注解驱动 -->
	<mvc:annotation-driven />

	<!-- 扫描包 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.citic.test.action" />

	<!-- 用于页面跳转,根据请求的不同跳转到不同页面，如请求index.do则跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/index.jsp -->
	<bean id="findJsp"
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.UrlFilenameViewController" />

	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
		<property name="mappings">
			<props>
				<prop key="index.do">findJsp</prop><!-- 表示index.do转向index.jsp页面 -->
				<prop key="first.do">findJsp</prop><!-- 表示first.do转向first.jsp页面 -->
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 视图解析 -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
		<!-- 返回的视图模型数据需要经过jstl来处理 -->
		<property name="viewClass"
			value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
		<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 对静态资源文件的访问 不支持访问WEB-INF目录 -->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler />

	<!-- 对静态资源文件的访问 支持访问WEB-INF目录 -->
	<!-- <mvc:resources location="/uikit-2.3.1/" mapping="/uikit-2.3.1/**" /> -->

	
	<bean id="stringConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
		<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
			<list>
				<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 输出对象转JSON支持 -->
	<bean id="jsonConverter"
		class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
		<property name="messageConverters">
			<list>
				<ref bean="stringConverter"/>
				<ref bean="jsonConverter" />
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>

</beans>

controller

package com.citic.test.action;  
  
import java.util.ArrayList;  
import java.util.List;  
  
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;  
  
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;  
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;  
  
import com.citic.test.entity.Person;  
  
/** 
 * 基于Restful风格架构测试 
 *  
 * @author dekota 
 * @since JDK1.5 
 * @version V1.0 
 * @history 2014-2-15 下午3:00:12 dekota 新建 
 */  
@Controller  
public class DekotaAction {  
  
    /** 日志实例 */  
    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DekotaAction.class);  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello", produces = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8")  
    public @ResponseBody  
    String hello() {  
        return "你好！hello";  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/say/{msg}", produces = "application/json;charset=UTF-8")  
    public @ResponseBody  
    String say(@PathVariable(value = "msg") String msg) {  
        return "{\"msg\":\"you say:'" + msg + "'\"}";  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/person/{id:\\d+}", method = RequestMethod.GET)  
    public @ResponseBody  
    Person getPerson(@PathVariable("id") int id) {  
        logger.info("获取人员信息id=" + id);  
        Person person = new Person();  
        person.setName("张三");  
        person.setSex("男");  
        person.setAge(30);  
        person.setId(id);  
        return person;  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/person/{id:\\d+}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)  
    public @ResponseBody  
    Object deletePerson(@PathVariable("id") int id) {  
        logger.info("删除人员信息id=" + id);  
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();  
        jsonObject.put("msg", "删除人员信息成功");  
        return jsonObject;  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/person", method = RequestMethod.POST)  
    public @ResponseBody  
    Object addPerson(Person person) {  
        logger.info("注册人员信息成功id=" + person.getId());  
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();  
        jsonObject.put("msg", "注册人员信息成功");  
        return jsonObject;  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/person", method = RequestMethod.PUT)  
    public @ResponseBody  
    Object updatePerson(Person person) {  
        logger.info("更新人员信息id=" + person.getId());  
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();  
        jsonObject.put("msg", "更新人员信息成功");  
        return jsonObject;  
    }  
  
    @RequestMapping(value = "/person", method = RequestMethod.PATCH)  
    public @ResponseBody  
    List<Person> listPerson(@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false, defaultValue = "") String name) {  
  
        logger.info("查询人员name like " + name);  
        List<Person> lstPersons = new ArrayList<Person>();  
  
        Person person = new Person();  
        person.setName("张三");  
        person.setSex("男");  
        person.setAge(25);  
        person.setId(101);  
        lstPersons.add(person);  
  
        Person person2 = new Person();  
        person2.setName("李四");  
        person2.setSex("女");  
        person2.setAge(23);  
        person2.setId(102);  
        lstPersons.add(person2);  
  
        Person person3 = new Person();  
        person3.setName("王五");  
        person3.setSex("男");  
        person3.setAge(27);  
        person3.setId(103);  
        lstPersons.add(person3);  
  
        return lstPersons;  
    }  
  
}

index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path + "/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>Uikit Test</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"	href="uikit-2.3.1/css/uikit.gradient.min.css">
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="uikit-2.3.1/addons/css/notify.gradient.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div
	style="width:800px;margin-top:10px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;">
	<h2>Uikit Test</h2>
</div>
<div style="width:800px;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;">
	<fieldset class="uk-form">
		<legend>Uikit表单渲染测试</legend>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<input type="text" class="uk-width-1-1">
		</div>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<input type="text" class="uk-width-1-1 uk-form-success">
		</div>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<input type="text" class="uk-width-1-1 uk-form-danger">
		</div>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<input type="text" class="uk-width-1-1">
		</div>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<select id="form-s-s">
				<option>---请选择---</option>
				<option>是</option>
				<option>否</option>
			</select>
		</div>
		<div class="uk-form-row">
			<input type="date" id="form-h-id" />
		</div>
	</fieldset>
	<fieldset class="uk-form">
		<legend>基于Restful架构风格的资源请求测试</legend>
		<button class="uk-button uk-button-primary uk-button-large" id="btnGet">获取人员GET</button>
		<button class="uk-button uk-button-primary uk-button-large" id="btnAdd">添加人员POST</button>
		<button class="uk-button uk-button-primary uk-button-large" id="btnUpdate">更新人员PUT</button>
		<button class="uk-button uk-button-danger uk-button-large" id="btnDel">删除人员DELETE</button>
		<button class="uk-button uk-button-primary uk-button-large" id="btnList">查询列表PATCH</button>
	</fieldset>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="uikit-2.3.1/js/uikit.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="uikit-2.3.1/addons/js/notify.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
	(function(window,$){

		var dekota={
			
			url:'',

			init:function(){
				dekota.url='<%=basePath%>';
				$.UIkit.notify("页面初始化完成", {status:'info',timeout:500});
				$("#btnGet").click(dekota.getPerson);
				$("#btnAdd").click(dekota.addPerson);
				$("#btnDel").click(dekota.delPerson);
				$("#btnUpdate").click(dekota.updatePerson);
				$("#btnList").click(dekota.listPerson);
			},
			getPerson:function(){
				$.ajax({
					url: dekota.url + 'person/101/',
					type: 'GET',
					dataType: 'json'
				}).done(function(data, status, xhr) {
					$.UIkit.notify("获取人员信息成功", {status:'success',timeout:1000});
				}).fail(function(xhr, status, error) {
					$.UIkit.notify("请求失败！", {status:'danger',timeout:2000});
				});
			},
			addPerson:function(){
				$.ajax({
					url: dekota.url + 'person',
					type: 'POST',
					dataType: 'json',
					data: {id: 1,name:'张三',sex:'男',age:23}
				}).done(function(data, status, xhr) {
					$.UIkit.notify(data.msg, {status:'success',timeout:1000});
				}).fail(function(xhr, status, error) {
					$.UIkit.notify("请求失败！", {status:'danger',timeout:2000});
				});
			},
			delPerson:function(){
				$.ajax({
					url: dekota.url + 'person/109',
					type: 'DELETE',
					dataType: 'json'
				}).done(function(data, status, xhr) {
					$.UIkit.notify(data.msg, {status:'success',timeout:1000});
				}).fail(function(xhr, status, error) {
					$.UIkit.notify("请求失败！", {status:'danger',timeout:2000});
				});
			},
			updatePerson:function(){
				$.ajax({
					url: dekota.url + 'person',
					type: 'POST',//注意在传参数时，加：_method:'PUT'　将对应后台的PUT请求方法
					dataType: 'json',
					data: {_method:'PUT',id: 221,name:'王五',sex:'男',age:23}
				}).done(function(data, status, xhr) {
					$.UIkit.notify(data.msg, {status:'success',timeout:1000});
				}).fail(function(xhr, status, error) {
					$.UIkit.notify("请求失败！", {status:'danger',timeout:2000});
				});
			},
			listPerson:function(){
				$.ajax({
					url: dekota.url + 'person',
					type: 'POST',//注意在传参数时，加：_method:'PATCH'　将对应后台的PATCH请求方法
					dataType: 'json',
					data: {_method:'PATCH',name: '张三'}
				}).done(function(data, status, xhr) {
					$.UIkit.notify("查询人员信息成功", {status:'success',timeout:1000});
				}).fail(function(xhr, status, error) {
					$.UIkit.notify("请求失败！", {status:'danger',timeout:2000});
				});
			}
		};
		window.dekota=(window.dekota)?window.dekota:dekota;
		$(function(){
			dekota.init();
		});
	})(window,jQuery);

</script>
</body>
</html>

另外，也可以通过springmvc的标签来定义表单，如下：

<form:form　action="${ctx}/userinfo${userInfo.userId}"　method="put">
</form:form>

生成的html内容如下, 生成一个hidden的_method=put,并于web.xml中的HiddenHttpMethodFilter配合使用，在服务端将post请求改为put请求

<form　id="userInfo"　action="/springmvc_rest_demo/userinfo/2"　method="post">
    <input　type="hidden"　name="_method"　value="put"/>
</form>

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