ZK 类似文件系统,Client 可以在上面创建节点、更新节点、删除节点等如何做到权限的控制?查阅文档,zk的ack(Access Control List)能够保证权限,但是调研完后发现它不是很好用。
ACL 权限控制,使用:schema:id:permission 来标识,主要涵盖 3 个方面:
- 权限模式(Schema):鉴权的策略
- 授权对象(ID)
- 权限(Permission)
其特性如下:
- ZooKeeper的权限控制是基于每个znode节点的,需要对每个节点设置权限
- 每个znode支持设置多种权限控制方案和多个权限
- 子节点不会继承父节点的权限,客户端无权访问某节点,但可能可以访问它的子节点
一、接下来,我们逐一讲解schema、id和permission三个知识点。
1、schema:
ZooKeeper内置了一些权限控制方案,可以用以下方案为每个节点设置权限:
方案 | 描述 |
---|---|
world | 只有一个用户:anyone,代表所有人(默认) |
ip | 使用IP地址认证 |
auth | 使用已添加认证的用户认证 |
digest | 使用“用户名:密码”方式认证 |
授权对象ID是指,权限赋予的用户或者一个实体,例如:IP 地址或者机器。授权模式 schema 与 授权对象 ID 之间关系:
3、权限permission:
权限 | ACL简写 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
CREATE | c | 可以创建子节点 |
DELETE | d | 可以删除子节点(仅下一级节点) |
READ | r | 可以读取节点数据及显示子节点列表 |
WRITE | w | 可以设置节点数据 |
ADMIN | a | 可以设置节点访问控制列表权限 |
命令 | 使用方式 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
getAcl | getAcl <path> | 读取ACL权限 |
setAcl | setAcl <path> <acl> | 设置ACL权限 |
addauth | addauth <scheme> <auth> | 添加认证用户 |
1、World方案:
1)设置方式
setAcl <path> world:anyone:<acl>
2)客户端实例:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node1 1
Created /node1
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] getAcl /node1
'world,'anyone #默认为world方案
: cdrwa #任何人都拥有所有权限
#可以用以下方式设置:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node1 world:anyone:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002a1
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002a1
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002a1
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
2、IP方案:
1)设置方式
setAcl <path> ip:<ip>:<acl>
<ip>:可以是具体IP也可以是IP/bit格式,即IP转换为二进制,匹配前bit位,如192.168.0.0/16匹配192.168.*.*
2)客户端实例
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node2 1
Created /node2
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node2 ip:192.168.100.1:cdrwa #设置IP:192.168.100.1 拥有所有权限
cZxid = 0x1900000239
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000239
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000239
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node2
'ip,'192.168.100.1
: cdrwa
#使用IP非 192.168.100.1 的机器
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get /node2
Authentication is not valid : /node2 #没有权限
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] delete /node2 #删除成功(因为设置DELETE权限仅对下一级子节点有效,并不包含此节点)
3、Auth方案
1)设置方式
addauth digest <user>:<password> #添加认证用户
setAcl <path> auth:<user>:<acl>
2)客户端实例
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node3 1
Created /node3
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #添加认证用户
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] setAcl /node3 auth:yoonper:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002b8
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002b8
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002b8
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] getAcl /node3
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
: cdrwa
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /node3
1 #刚才已经添加认证用户,可以直接读取数据,断开会话重连需要重新addauth添加认证用户
cZxid = 0x1900000418
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000418
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000418
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
4、Digest方案
1)设置方式
setAcl <path> digest:<user>:<password>:<acl>
这里的密码是经过SHA1及BASE64处理的密文,在SHELL中可以通过以下命令计算:
echo -n <user>:<password> | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64
先来计算一个密文
echo -n yoonper:123456 | openssl dgst -binary -sha1 | openssl base64
UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
2)客户端实例
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] create /node4 1
Created /node4
#使用是上面算好的密文密码添加权限:
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] setAcl /node4 digest:yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=:cdrwa
cZxid = 0x19000002e3
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x19000002e3
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x19000002e3
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] getAcl /node4
'digest,'yoonper:UvJWhBril5yzpEiA2eV7bwwhfLs=
: cdrwa
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] get /node4
Authentication is not valid : /node4 #没有权限
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] addauth digest yoonper:123456 #添加认证用户
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 5] get /node4
1 #成功读取数据
cZxid = 0x1900000420
ctime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
mZxid = 0x1900000420
mtime = Thu May 11 22:00:00 CST 2017
pZxid = 0x1900000420
cversion = 0
dataVersion = 0
aclVersion = 1
ephemeralOwner = 0x0
dataLength = 1
numChildren = 0
5、java客户单实例:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import com.zookeeper.utils.CommonParams;
public class Zookeeper_Acl_Create extends CommonParams implements Watcher {
private static CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
private static ZooKeeper zk = null;
public void syncInit() {
try {
zk = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,
new Zookeeper_Acl_Create());
latch.await();
zk.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes());
zk.create("/act", "init".getBytes(), Ids.CREATOR_ALL_ACL, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);
ZooKeeper zk3 = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,
null);
zk3.addAuthInfo("digest", "username:password".getBytes());
String value2 = new String(zk3.getData("/act", false, null));
System.out.println("zk3有权限进行数据的获取" + value2);
ZooKeeper zk2 = new ZooKeeper(CONNECTION_IP, 5000,
null);
zk2.addAuthInfo("digest", "super:123".getBytes());
zk2.getData("/act", false, null);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (KeeperException e) {
System.out.println("异常:" + e.getMessage());
System.out.println("zk2没有权限进行数据的获取");
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
}
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
if (KeeperState.SyncConnected == event.getState()) {
if (event.getType() == EventType.None && null == event.getPath()) {
latch.countDown();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Zookeeper_Acl_Create acl_Create = new Zookeeper_Acl_Create();
acl_Create.syncInit();
countDownLatch.await();
}
}
输出:
zk3有权限进行数据的获取init
异常:KeeperErrorCode = NoAuth for /act
zk2没有权限进行数据的获取