在Windows下利用cygwin仿unix环境安装配置Hadoop。
子猴也是刚接触到hadoop,对其的配置第一次按照网上的一些说明配置成功了,但有些东西感到不是很清晰,所以又重新把整个过程跑了一遍并记录下来,也是想对整个过程有个清晰的脉络,不正确之处请指教。
1、 所需软件
1.1、Cygwin(截至到目前最新版本是2.685)
下载地址:http://www.cygwin.com/setup.exe
1.2、JDK 1.6.x
1.3、hadoop-0.20.1
下载地址:http://apache.freelamp.com/hadoop/core/hadoop-0.20.1/hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz
2、 安装
2.1、Cygwin安装说明见文章:http://hi.baidu.com/xiaoduo170/blog/item/9a21e38269a89ea46e81196f.html
http://www.programarts.com/cfree_ch/doc/help/UsingCF/CompilerSupport/Cygwin/Cygwin1.htm
这两篇文章上所要求装的东西最好都装上,否则可能安装不成功
补充:cygwin的bash是无法复制粘贴的,很不方便,所以可采用putty,下载地址是:
http://www.linuxboy.net/linux/rc/puttycyg.zip ,将puttycyg.zip解压后的三个exe文件放到Cygwin安装目录HOME_PATH下bin目录下,然后修改HOME_PATH下的 Cygwin.bat文件,建议用记事本打开,然后将bash –login –i注释掉,在前面加rem,也就是rem bash –login –i,或者:: bash –login –i,加入 start putty -cygterm – 即可。
这样一来就可以复制粘贴了,但注意的是默认的根目录是Cygwin的HOME_PATH,如果要切换到其他主目录,但如果你想要进入到其他根目录,但如果你想要进入到其他根目录,需要通过系统根目录,子猴这里的是/cygdrive,比如要进入到e盘,则为/cygdrive/e。
2.2、JDK的安装省略了
2.3、hadoop-0.20.1安装
将hadoop-0.20.1.tar.gz解压,解压后的目录如hadoop-0.20.1,假设是放在E盘:
E:\hadoop-0.20.1,修改conf/hadoop-env.sh文件,将export JAVA_HOME的值修改为你机上的jdk安装目录,比如/cygdrive/d/tools/jdk1.6.0_03,/cygdrive是 Cygwin安装成功后系统的根目录
3、 安装和配置ssh
3.1、安装
在Cygwin的根目录下分别运行:
$ chmod +r /etc/group $ chmod +r /etc/passwd $ chmod +rwx /var $ ssh-host-config *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_rsa_key *** Info: Generating /etc/ssh_host_dsa_key *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3. *** Info: However, this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'. *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep. *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have *** Info: Administrator privileges. Should this script attempt to create a *** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Added ssh to C:\WINDOWS\system32\driversc\services *** Info: Creating default /etc/inetd.d/sshd-inetd file *** Info: Updated /etc/inetd.d/sshd-inetd *** Warning: The following functions require administrator privileges! *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service? *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] cygwin ( 注:此处输入的cygwin可以是任意的) *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the LocalSystem *** Info: account (also known as SYSTEM). To start the service now, call *** Info: `net start sshd' or `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise, it *** Info: will start automatically after the next reboot. *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun!在询问yes/no的地方,统一输入yes,sshd就安装好了。
3.2配置
3.2.1、启动sshd服务
net start sshd
CYGWIN sshd 服务正在启动
CYGWIN sshd 服务已经启动成功
3.2.2、$ ssh localhost
试着连接本机看看,注意,如果在没有启动sshd服务,这个连接肯定是失败的!关于此错误也可参见:
http://www.zihou.me/2010/02/19/1521/
如果没问题,会出现下面一些内容:
The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is 08:03:20:43:48:39:29:66:6e:c5:61:ba:77:b2:2f:55. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. zihou@localhost's password:会提示输入你机子的登录密码,输入无误后,会出现文本图形,类似于欢迎的提示:
The Hippo says: Welcome to
3.2.3、建立ssh的通道
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa Generating public/private dsa key pair. Your identification has been saved in /home/zihou/.ssh/id_dsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/zihou/.ssh/id_dsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 6d:64:8e:a6:38:73:ab:c5:ce:71:cd:df:a1:ca:63:54 zihou@PC-04101515 The key's randomart image is: +--[ DSA 1024]----+ | | | | | o | | * E | | S +. | | o o +. | | + * ..o . | | B + .o. o . | | ..+ .ooo . | +-----------------+$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
再执行遍$ ssh localhost看看,如果没有问题,就说明sshd已经配置好了。
4、 配置hadoop
编辑conf/hadoop-site.xml
加入以下内容:
<configuration> <property> <name>fs.default.name</name> <value>localhost:9000</value> </property> <property> <name>mapred.job.tracker</name> <value>localhost:9001</value> </property> <property> <name>dfs.replication</name> <value>1</value> </property> </configuration>5、 运行hadoop
进入到E:\hadoop-0.20.1,在cygwin下的操作如:/cygdrive/e/ hadoop-0.20.1,执行:
bin/hadoop namenode –format格式化一个新的分布式文件系统,提示信息如下:
10/02/19 17:32:26 WARN conf.Configuration: DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath.
Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site.xml, mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml
to override properties of core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml respectively
(这段我还不是很清楚,我用的最新版本)
10/02/19 17:32:26 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = PC-04101515/192.168.0.14
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 0.20.1
STARTUP_MSG: build =
http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/tags/release-0.20.1-rc1 -r 810220; compiled by ‘oom’ on Tue Sep 1 20:55:56 UTC 2009
************************************************************/
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem:
fsOwner=zihou,None,root,Administrators,Users
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
10/02/19 17:32:27 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 102 saved in 0 seconds.
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory \tmp\hadoop-SYSTEM\dfs\name has been successfully formatted.
10/02/19 17:32:28 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at PC-04101515/192.168.0.14
************************************************************/
6、 启动hadoop守护进程
(注:如果你第一次启动,提示信息或许会与上面有所不同,我为了写这篇文章,重新执行了一遍)
7、 测试
单机模式的操作方法
下面的实例将已解压的 conf 目录拷贝作为输入,查找并显示匹配给定正则表达式的条目。输出写入到指定的output目录。(注:根目录是hadoop的目录)
$ mkdir input
$ cp conf/*.xml input
$ bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output ‘dfs[a-z.]+’
$ cat output/*
通过执行$ bin/hadoop dfs –ls来看是否将*.xml文件拷贝到input中了,执行后结果如下:
Found 1 items
drwxr-xr-x – zihou supergroup 0 2010-02-19 17:44 /user/zihou/input
表示已经拷贝过去了。
在伪分布式模式上运行
bin/hadoop jar hadoop-*-examples.jar grep input output ‘dfs[a-z.]+’
如果没有错误的话,会给出一堆信息,如:
10/02/19 14:56:07 WARN conf.Configuration: DEPRECATED: hadoop-site.xml found in the classpath. Usage of hadoop-site.xml is deprecated. Instead use core-site
.xml, mapred-site.xml and hdfs-site.xml to override properties of core-default.xml, mapred-default.xml and hdfs-default.xml respectively
10/02/19 14:56:08 INFO jvm.JvmMetrics: Initializing JVM Metrics with processName=JobTracker, sessionId=
10/02/19 14:56:09 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 5
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_local_0001
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 5
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: numReduceTasks: 1
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: io.sort.mb = 100
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: data buffer = 79691776/99614720
10/02/19 14:56:10 INFO mapred.MapTask: record buffer = 262144/327680
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
这样,hadoop就成功配置了!
说明:
Hadoop中文文档地址:http://hadoop.apache.org/common/docs/r0.18.2/cn/
快速安装说明手册:http://hadoop.apache.org/common/docs/r0.18.2/cn/quickstart.html
Hadoop简介:
Hadoop是一个开放源代码的分布式文件系统,属于Apache中的一个项目,所谓分布式文件系统(Distributed File System),指的是具有执行远程文件存取的能力,并以透明方式对分布在网络上的文件进行管理和存取,客户端访问的时候不需要知道文件真正存放在哪里。 Hadoop最初是包含在Nutch中的,后来,Nutch中实现的NDFS和MapReduce代码剥离出来成立了一个新的开源项目,这就是 Hadoop。