题目描述:
我们提供一个类:
class FooBar {
public void foo() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print(“foo”);
}
}
public void bar() {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
print(“bar”);
}
}
}
两个不同的线程将会共用一个 FooBar 实例。其中一个线程将会调用 foo() 方法,另一个线程将会调用 bar() 方法。
请设计修改程序,以确保 “foobar” 被输出 n 次。
示例 1:
输入: n = 1
输出: “foobar”
解释: 这里有两个线程被异步启动。其中一个调用 foo() 方法, 另一个调用 bar() 方法,“foobar” 将被输出一次。
示例 2:
输入: n = 2
输出: “foobarfoobar”
解释: “foobar” 将被输出两次。
class FooBar {
private int n;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
printFoo.run();
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
printBar.run();
}
}
}
方案选择:用锁synchronized
class FooBar {
private int n;
private Object lock = new Object();
volatile boolean permitFoo = true;
public FooBar(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void foo(Runnable printFoo) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printFoo.run() outputs "foo". Do not change or remove this line.
synchronized (lock) {
while (!permitFoo) {
lock.wait();//释放锁
}
permitFoo=false;
printFoo.run();
lock.notifyAll();
}
}
}
public void bar(Runnable printBar) throws InterruptedException {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
// printBar.run() outputs "bar". Do not change or remove this line.
synchronized (lock) {
while (permitFoo) {
lock.wait();//释放锁
}
printBar.run();
permitFoo=true;
lock.notifyAll();
}
}
}
}
测试
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int n = 20;
FooBar fooBar = new FooBar(n);
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
fooBar.foo(() -> {
System.out.print("foo");
});
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {
try {
fooBar.bar(() -> {
System.out.println("bar");
});
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}