linux 中断相关知识
目录
前言
下面中断的分析以vexpress v2p 平台为例
使用的内核版本为 4.15.2
基本知识的介绍
- 当一个CPU进入中断异常后，会去读取GICC_IAR寄存器来响应中断，寄存器会返回硬件中断号。
- 当处理器完成中断服务，必须发一个完成信号EOI(End of interrupt) 给GIC中断控制器，软件写EOIR寄存器
- GIC-400 32个内部中断用于连接CPU核和GIC中断控制器。
分析中断代码常用的数据结构（注意下面的注释 ）
//系统支持的中断最大数量
# define NR_IRQS
//kernel/irq/internals.h
# define IRQ_BITMAP_BITS NR_IRQS
// irqdesc.c (kernel\irq)
static DECLARE_BITMAP(allocated_irqs, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS);
//include/linux/types.h
//BITS_TO_LONGS bit转换成long 以long长度对齐
#define DECLARE_BITMAP(name,bits) \
unsigned long name[BITS_TO_LONGS(bits)]
linux 内核从3.1开始引入irq domain 中断管理框架，可以支持多个中断控制器。
注意注释，特别是irq_domain_set_mapping
//linux 内核从3.1开始引入irq domain 中断管理框架，可以支持多个中断控制器。
//include/linux/irqdomain.h
struct irq_domain {
struct list_head link; //用于将irq domain 连接到全局链表irq_domain_list中
const char *name;
const struct irq_domain_ops *ops;
void *host_data;
unsigned int flags;
unsigned int mapcount;
/* Optional data */
struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
enum irq_domain_bus_token bus_token;
struct irq_domain_chip_generic *gc;
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY
struct irq_domain *parent;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_IRQ_DEBUGFS
struct dentry *debugfs_file;
#endif
/* reverse map data. The linear map gets appended to the irq_domain */
irq_hw_number_t hwirq_max;
unsigned int revmap_direct_max_irq;
unsigned int revmap_size;
struct radix_tree_root revmap_tree;
struct mutex revmap_tree_mutex;
//虚拟中断号与硬件中断号的线性映射 irq_domain_set_mapping 中的domain->linear_revmap[hwirq] = irq_data->irq;
unsigned int linear_revmap[];
};
linux 中断号与硬件中断号的关联
向内核注册中断的过程
如RTC中断
//vexpress-v2m.dtsi
rtc@17000 {
compatible = "arm,pl031", "arm,primecell";
reg = <0x17000 0x1000>;
interrupts = <4>;
clocks = <&smbclk>;
clock-names = "apb_pclk";
};
函数调用流程 ，注意注释部分，给出关键部分注释以及对应的函数所在的文件
vexpress_config_init ->
vexpress_config_populate ->
of_platform_populate ->
of_platform_bus_create ->
of_amba_device_create ->
irq_of_parse_and_map ->
irq_create_of_mapping ->
irq_create_fwspec_mapping 从irq_domain_list 中找对应的irq_domain 然后进行中断位图映射
gic_irq_domain_translate 调用GIC驱动进行转换 (前面的中断号要空出来留给SGI,PPI)
irq_create_mapping 映射的核心所在
//vexpress-config.c (drivers\bus)
static int __init vexpress_config_init(void)
{
int err = 0;
struct device_node *node;
/* Need the config devices early, before the "normal" devices... */
for_each_compatible_node(node, NULL, "arm,vexpress,config-bus") {
err = vexpress_config_populate(node);
if (err) {
of_node_put(node);
break;
}
}
return err;
}
postcore_initcall(vexpress_config_init);
static int vexpress_config_populate(struct device_node *node)
{
struct device_node *bridge;
struct device *parent;
int ret;
bridge = of_parse_phandle(node, "arm,vexpress,config-bridge", 0);
if (!bridge)
return -EINVAL;
parent = class_find_device(vexpress_config_class, NULL, bridge,
vexpress_config_node_match);
of_node_put(bridge);
if (WARN_ON(!parent))
return -ENODEV;
ret = of_platform_populate(node, NULL, NULL, parent);
put_device(parent);
return ret;
}
//drivers/of/platform.c
int of_platform_populate(struct device_node *root,
const struct of_device_id *matches,
const struct of_dev_auxdata *lookup,
struct device *parent)
{
struct device_node *child;
int rc = 0;
root = root ? of_node_get(root) : of_find_node_by_path("/");
if (!root)
return -EINVAL;
pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
pr_debug(" starting at: %pOF\n", root);
for_each_child_of_node(root, child) {
rc = of_platform_bus_create(child, matches, lookup, parent, true);
if (rc) {
of_node_put(child);
break;
}
}
of_node_set_flag(root, OF_POPULATED_BUS);
of_node_put(root);
return rc;
}
static int of_platform_bus_create(struct device_node *bus,
const struct of_device_id *matches,
const struct of_dev_auxdata *lookup,
struct device *parent, bool strict)
{
const struct of_dev_auxdata *auxdata;
struct device_node *child;
struct platform_device *dev;
const char *bus_id = NULL;
void *platform_data = NULL;
int rc = 0;
/* Make sure it has a compatible property */
if (strict && (!of_get_property(bus, "compatible", NULL))) {
pr_debug("%s() - skipping %pOF, no compatible prop\n",
__func__, bus);
return 0;
}
if (of_node_check_flag(bus, OF_POPULATED_BUS)) {
pr_debug("%s() - skipping %pOF, already populated\n",
__func__, bus);
return 0;
}
auxdata = of_dev_lookup(lookup, bus);
if (auxdata) {
bus_id = auxdata->name;
platform_data = auxdata->platform_data;
}
if (of_device_is_compatible(bus, "arm,primecell")) {
/*
* Don't return an error here to keep compatibility with older
* device tree files.
*/
of_amba_device_create(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent);
return 0;
}
dev = of_platform_device_create_pdata(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent);
if (!dev || !of_match_node(matches, bus))
return 0;
for_each_child_of_node(bus, child) {
pr_debug(" create child: %pOF\n", child);
rc = of_platform_bus_create(child, matches, lookup, &dev->dev, strict);
if (rc) {
of_node_put(child);
break;
}
}
of_node_set_flag(bus, OF_POPULATED_BUS);
return rc;
}
//注意of_amba_device_create(bus, bus_id, platform_data, parent); 与设备树中的对应关系
static struct amba_device *of_amba_device_create(struct device_node *node,
const char *bus_id,
void *platform_data,
struct device *parent)
{
struct amba_device *dev;
const void *prop;
int i, ret;
pr_debug("Creating amba device %pOF\n", node);
if (!of_device_is_available(node) ||
of_node_test_and_set_flag(node, OF_POPULATED))
return NULL;
dev = amba_device_alloc(NULL, 0, 0);
if (!dev)
goto err_clear_flag;
/* setup generic device info */
dev->dev.of_node = of_node_get(node);
dev->dev.fwnode = &node->fwnode;
dev->dev.parent = parent ? : &platform_bus;
dev->dev.platform_data = platform_data;
if (bus_id)
dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "%s", bus_id);
else
of_device_make_bus_id(&dev->dev);
/* Allow the HW Peripheral ID to be overridden */
prop = of_get_property(node, "arm,primecell-periphid", NULL);
if (prop)
dev->periphid = of_read_ulong(prop, 1);
/* Decode the IRQs and address ranges */
for (i = 0; i < AMBA_NR_IRQS; i++)
dev->irq[i] = irq_of_parse_and_map(node, i);
ret = of_address_to_resource(node, 0, &dev->res);
if (ret) {
pr_err("amba: of_address_to_resource() failed (%d) for %pOF\n",
ret, node);
goto err_free;
}
ret = amba_device_add(dev, &iomem_resource);
if (ret) {
pr_err("amba_device_add() failed (%d) for %pOF\n",
ret, node);
goto err_free;
}
return dev;
err_free:
amba_device_put(dev);
err_clear_flag:
of_node_clear_flag(node, OF_POPULATED);
return NULL;
}
//drivers/of/irq.c
unsigned int irq_of_parse_and_map(struct device_node *dev, int index)
{
struct of_phandle_args oirq;
if (of_irq_parse_one(dev, index, &oirq))
return 0;
return irq_create_of_mapping(&oirq);
}
//kernel/linux/irqdomain.h ,留意注释
static void of_phandle_args_to_fwspec(struct of_phandle_args *irq_data,
struct irq_fwspec *fwspec)
{
int i;
fwspec->fwnode = irq_data->np ? &irq_data->np->fwnode : NULL;
fwspec->param_count = irq_data->args_count;
for (i = 0; i < irq_data->args_count; i++)
fwspec->param[i] = irq_data->args[i]; // dts 中interrupts 的值放入param中
}
//其中of_irq_parse_one 把设备树的信息提取到了oirq 也就是irq_create_of_mapping中的irq_data
//kernel/irq/irqdomain.c
unsigned int irq_create_of_mapping(struct of_phandle_args *irq_data)
{
struct irq_fwspec fwspec;
of_phandle_args_to_fwspec(irq_data, &fwspec);
return irq_create_fwspec_mapping(&fwspec);
}
//kernel/irq/irqdomain.c
unsigned int irq_create_fwspec_mapping(struct irq_fwspec *fwspec)
{
struct irq_domain *domain;
struct irq_data *irq_data;
irq_hw_number_t hwirq;
unsigned int type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
int virq;
//从全局的irq_domain_list中查找domain
if (fwspec->fwnode) {
domain = irq_find_matching_fwspec(fwspec, DOMAIN_BUS_WIRED);
if (!domain)
domain = irq_find_matching_fwspec(fwspec, DOMAIN_BUS_ANY);
} else {
domain = irq_default_domain;
}
if (!domain) {
pr_warn("no irq domain found for %s !\n",
of_node_full_name(to_of_node(fwspec->fwnode)));
return 0;
}
if (irq_domain_translate(domain, fwspec, &hwirq, &type))
return 0;
/*
* WARN if the irqchip returns a type with bits
* outside the sense mask set and clear these bits.
*/
if (WARN_ON(type & ~IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK))
type &= IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK;
/*
* If we've already configured this interrupt,
* don't do it again, or hell will break loose.
*/
virq = irq_find_mapping(domain, hwirq);
if (virq) {
/*
* If the trigger type is not specified or matches the
* current trigger type then we are done so return the
* interrupt number.
*/
if (type == IRQ_TYPE_NONE || type == irq_get_trigger_type(virq))
return virq;
/*
* If the trigger type has not been set yet, then set
* it now and return the interrupt number.
*/
if (irq_get_trigger_type(virq) == IRQ_TYPE_NONE) {
irq_data = irq_get_irq_data(virq);
if (!irq_data)
return 0;
irqd_set_trigger_type(irq_data, type);
return virq;
}
pr_warn("type mismatch, failed to map hwirq-%lu for %s!\n",
hwirq, of_node_full_name(to_of_node(fwspec->fwnode)));
return 0;
}
if (irq_domain_is_hierarchy(domain)) {
virq = irq_domain_alloc_irqs(domain, 1, NUMA_NO_NODE, fwspec);
if (virq <= 0)
return 0;
} else {
/* Create mapping */
virq = irq_create_mapping(domain, hwirq); //进行映射的关键部分
if (!virq)
return virq;
}
irq_data = irq_get_irq_data(virq);
if (!irq_data) {
if (irq_domain_is_hierarchy(domain))
irq_domain_free_irqs(virq, 1);
else
irq_dispose_mapping(virq);
return 0;
}
/* Store trigger type */
irqd_set_trigger_type(irq_data, type);
return virq;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(irq_create_fwspec_mapping);
static int irq_domain_translate(struct irq_domain *d,
struct irq_fwspec *fwspec,
irq_hw_number_t *hwirq, unsigned int *type)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY
if (d->ops->translate)
return d->ops->translate(d, fwspec, hwirq, type); //走的是这个分支
#endif
if (d->ops->xlate)
return d->ops->xlate(d, to_of_node(fwspec->fwnode),
fwspec->param, fwspec->param_count,
hwirq, type);
/* If domain has no translation, then we assume interrupt line */
*hwirq = fwspec->param[0];
return 0;
}
//上面的CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY 是有配置的， 在 drivers/irqchip/irq-gic.c
static const struct irq_domain_ops gic_irq_domain_hierarchy_ops = {
.translate = gic_irq_domain_translate,
.alloc = gic_irq_domain_alloc,
.free = irq_domain_free_irqs_top,
};
static int gic_irq_domain_translate(struct irq_domain *d,
struct irq_fwspec *fwspec,
unsigned long *hwirq,
unsigned int *type)
{
if (is_of_node(fwspec->fwnode)) {
if (fwspec->param_count < 3)
return -EINVAL;
/* Get the interrupt number and add 16 to skip over SGIs */
*hwirq = fwspec->param[1] + 16;
/*
* For SPIs, we need to add 16 more to get the GIC irq
* ID number
*/
if (!fwspec->param[0])
*hwirq += 16;
*type = fwspec->param[2] & IRQ_TYPE_SENSE_MASK;
return 0;
}
if (is_fwnode_irqchip(fwspec->fwnode)) {
if(fwspec->param_count != 2)
return -EINVAL;
*hwirq = fwspec->param[0];
*type = fwspec->param[1];
return 0;
}
return -EINVAL;
}
//接下来看映射的关键部分 include/irq/irqdomain.c
unsigned int irq_create_mapping(struct irq_domain *domain,
irq_hw_number_t hwirq)
{
struct device_node *of_node;
int virq;
pr_debug("irq_create_mapping(0x%p, 0x%lx)\n", domain, hwirq);
/* Look for default domain if nececssary */
if (domain == NULL)
domain = irq_default_domain;
if (domain == NULL) {
WARN(1, "%s(, %lx) called with NULL domain\n", __func__, hwirq);
return 0;
}
pr_debug("-> using domain @%p\n", domain);
of_node = irq_domain_get_of_node(domain);
/* Check if mapping already exists */
virq = irq_find_mapping(domain, hwirq);
if (virq) {
pr_debug("-> existing mapping on virq %d\n", virq);
return virq;
}
/* Allocate a virtual interrupt number */
//查找比特位区域
virq = irq_domain_alloc_descs(-1, 1, hwirq, of_node_to_nid(of_node), NULL);
if (virq <= 0) {
pr_debug("-> virq allocation failed\n");
return 0;
}
//然后虚拟中断与硬件中断关联，设置占用的比特位区域
if (irq_domain_associate(domain, virq, hwirq)) {
irq_free_desc(virq);
return 0;
}
pr_debug("irq %lu on domain %s mapped to virtual irq %u\n",
hwirq, of_node_full_name(of_node), virq);
return virq;
}
//kernel/irq/irqdomain.c
int irq_domain_alloc_descs(int virq, unsigned int cnt, irq_hw_number_t hwirq,
int node, const struct cpumask *affinity)
{
unsigned int hint;
if (virq >= 0) {
virq = __irq_alloc_descs(virq, virq, cnt, node, THIS_MODULE,
affinity);
} else {
hint = hwirq % nr_irqs;
if (hint == 0)
hint++;
virq = __irq_alloc_descs(-1, hint, cnt, node, THIS_MODULE,
affinity);
if (virq <= 0 && hint > 1) {
virq = __irq_alloc_descs(-1, 1, cnt, node, THIS_MODULE,
affinity);
}
}
return virq;
}
int __ref
__irq_alloc_descs(int irq, unsigned int from, unsigned int cnt, int node,
struct module *owner, const struct cpumask *affinity)
{
int start, ret;
if (!cnt)
return -EINVAL;
if (irq >= 0) {
if (from > irq)
return -EINVAL;
from = irq;
} else {
/*
* For interrupts which are freely allocated the
* architecture can force a lower bound to the @from
* argument. x86 uses this to exclude the GSI space.
*/
from = arch_dynirq_lower_bound(from);
}
mutex_lock(&sparse_irq_lock);
start = bitmap_find_next_zero_area(allocated_irqs, IRQ_BITMAP_BITS,
from, cnt, 0);
ret = -EEXIST;
if (irq >=0 && start != irq)
goto unlock;
if (start + cnt > nr_irqs) {
ret = irq_expand_nr_irqs(start + cnt);
if (ret)
goto unlock;
}
ret = alloc_descs(start, cnt, node, affinity, owner);
unlock:
mutex_unlock(&sparse_irq_lock);
return ret;
}
//lib/bitmap.c bitmap_find_next_zero_area 最后调用 bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off
//在map 中查找第一个连续cnt 个为0的比特位区域。
unsigned long bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off(unsigned long *map,
unsigned long size,
unsigned long start,
unsigned int nr,
unsigned long align_mask,
unsigned long align_offset)
{
unsigned long index, end, i;
again:
index = find_next_zero_bit(map, size, start);
/* Align allocation */
index = __ALIGN_MASK(index + align_offset, align_mask) - align_offset;
end = index + nr;
if (end > size)
return end;
i = find_next_bit(map, end, index);
if (i < end) {
start = i + 1;
goto again;
}
return index;
}
//kernel/irq/irqdomain.c
//然后虚拟中断与硬件中断关联，设置占用的比特位区域
int irq_domain_associate(struct irq_domain *domain, unsigned int virq,
irq_hw_number_t hwirq)
{
struct irq_data *irq_data = irq_get_irq_data(virq);
int ret;
if (WARN(hwirq >= domain->hwirq_max,
"error: hwirq 0x%x is too large for %s\n", (int)hwirq, domain->name))
return -EINVAL;
if (WARN(!irq_data, "error: virq%i is not allocated", virq))
return -EINVAL;
if (WARN(irq_data->domain, "error: virq%i is already associated", virq))
return -EINVAL;
mutex_lock(&irq_domain_mutex);
irq_data->hwirq = hwirq;
irq_data->domain = domain;
if (domain->ops->map) {
ret = domain->ops->map(domain, virq, hwirq);
if (ret != 0) {
/*
* If map() returns -EPERM, this interrupt is protected
* by the firmware or some other service and shall not
* be mapped. Don't bother telling the user about it.
*/
if (ret != -EPERM) {
pr_info("%s didn't like hwirq-0x%lx to VIRQ%i mapping (rc=%d)\n",
domain->name, hwirq, virq, ret);
}
irq_data->domain = NULL;
irq_data->hwirq = 0;
mutex_unlock(&irq_domain_mutex);
return ret;
}
/* If not already assigned, give the domain the chip's name */
if (!domain->name && irq_data->chip)
domain->name = irq_data->chip->name;
}
domain->mapcount++;
irq_domain_set_mapping(domain, hwirq, irq_data);
mutex_unlock(&irq_domain_mutex);
irq_clear_status_flags(virq, IRQ_NOREQUEST);
return 0;
}
static void irq_domain_set_mapping(struct irq_domain *domain,
irq_hw_number_t hwirq,
struct irq_data *irq_data)
{
if (hwirq < domain->revmap_size) {
domain->linear_revmap[hwirq] = irq_data->irq;
} else {
mutex_lock(&domain->revmap_tree_mutex);
radix_tree_insert(&domain->revmap_tree, hwirq, irq_data);
mutex_unlock(&domain->revmap_tree_mutex);
}
}
中断的注册与使用
主要是二个接口
//include/linux/interrupt.h request_irq 老的接口
static inline int __must_check
request_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler, unsigned long flags,
const char *name, void *dev)
{
return request_threaded_irq(irq, handler, NULL, flags, name, dev);
}
//kernel/irq/manage.c 中断线程化接口
int request_threaded_irq(unsigned int irq, irq_handler_t handler,
irq_handler_t thread_fn, unsigned long irqflags,
const char *devname, void *dev_id);
中断代码的分析
ARM底层中断处理
中断发生时硬件自动做的事
1.保存中断发生时CPSR寄存器的内容到SPSR_irq寄存器中。
2. 修改CPSR寄存器，让CPU进入IRQ模式（即修改CPSR寄存中的M域设置为IRQ Mode）.
3. 硬件自动关闭中断IRQ OR FIQ
4. 保存返回地址到LR_irq 寄存器中。
5. 硬件自动跳转到中断向量表的IRQ向量中。
从中断返回时需要软件实现如下二个操作
- 从SPSR_irq 寄存器中恢复数据到CPSR中。
- 从LR_irq 中恢复内容到PC中，从而返回到中断点的下一个指令执行处。
// arch/arm/kernel/entry-armv.S
.section .vectors, "ax", %progbits
.L__vectors_start:
W(b) vector_rst
W(b) vector_und
W(ldr) pc, .L__vectors_start + 0x1000
W(b) vector_pabt
W(b) vector_dabt
W(b) vector_addrexcptn
W(b) vector_irq
W(b) vector_fiq
//arm 定义了7种异常向量，可以存放在二个地址，一个是低端的0x0处，称为normal vectors ,
//另一个在0xffff_0000处，称为hight_vectors。
//linux 使用的是hight vectors ,因为0x0地址属于用户空间地址区域，另外也可以避免空指针错误的修改中断向量表。
内核编译时，中断向量表放在data分区中。
//arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
__init_begin = .;
/*
* The vectors and stubs are relocatable code, and the
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
__vectors_start = .;
.vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
*(.vectors)
}
. = __vectors_start + SIZEOF(.vectors);
__vectors_end = .;
__stubs_start = .;
.stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_start) {
*(.stubs)
}
. = __stubs_start + SIZEOF(.stubs);
__stubs_end = .;
PROVIDE(vector_fiq_offset = vector_fiq - ADDR(.vectors));
系统初始化时会把__stubs_start 到 __stubs_end 的空间复制到hight vectors 高端地址处。
start_kernel()->
setup_arch()->
paging_init()->
devicemaps_init
具体代码如下
//arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
static void __init devicemaps_init(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
{
struct map_desc map;
unsigned long addr;
void *vectors;
/*
* Allocate the vector page early.
*/
vectors = early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE * 2);
early_trap_init(vectors);
/*
* Clear page table except top pmd used by early fixmaps
*/
for (addr = VMALLOC_START; addr < (FIXADDR_TOP & PMD_MASK); addr += PMD_SIZE)
pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
/*
* Map the kernel if it is XIP.
* It is always first in the modulearea.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR & SECTION_MASK);
map.virtual = MODULES_VADDR;
map.length = ((unsigned long)_exiprom - map.virtual + ~SECTION_MASK) & SECTION_MASK;
map.type = MT_ROM;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
/*
* Map the cache flushing regions.
*/
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS);
map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE;
map.length = SZ_1M;
map.type = MT_CACHECLEAN;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS + SZ_1M);
map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE;
map.length = SZ_1M;
map.type = MT_MINICLEAN;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
/*
* Create a mapping for the machine vectors at the high-vectors
* location (0xffff0000). If we aren't using high-vectors, also
* create a mapping at the low-vectors virtual address.
*/
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(vectors));
//把vectors_base 的物理页面进行虚拟地址重新映射到0xffff0000
map.virtual = 0xffff0000;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
#ifdef CONFIG_KUSER_HELPERS
map.type = MT_HIGH_VECTORS;
#else
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
#endif
create_mapping(&map);
if (!vectors_high()) {
map.virtual = 0;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE * 2;
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map);
}
/* Now create a kernel read-only mapping */
map.pfn += 1;
map.virtual = 0xffff0000 + PAGE_SIZE;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map);
/*
* Ask the machine support to map in the statically mapped devices.
*/
if (mdesc->map_io)
mdesc->map_io();
else
debug_ll_io_init();
fill_pmd_gaps();
/* Reserve fixed i/o space in VMALLOC region */
pci_reserve_io();
/*
* Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
* consistent state wrt the writebuffer. This also ensures that
* any write-allocated cache lines in the vector page are written
* back. After this point, we can start to touch devices again.
*/
local_flush_tlb_all();
flush_cache_all();
/* Enable asynchronous aborts */
early_abt_enable();
}
//实现异常向量表的复制
//arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
unsigned long vectors = (unsigned long)vectors_base;
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
unsigned i;
vectors_page = vectors_base;
/*
* Poison the vectors page with an undefined instruction. This
* instruction is chosen to be undefined for both ARM and Thumb
* ISAs. The Thumb version is an undefined instruction with a
* branch back to the undefined instruction.
*/
for (i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(u32); i++)
((u32 *)vectors_base)[i] = 0xe7fddef1; // 填充未定义的指令，在极端的情况跑飞防止意外取指，以捕捉异常
/*
* Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x1000, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
kuser_init(vectors_base);
flush_icache_range(vectors, vectors + PAGE_SIZE * 2);
#else /* ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M */
/*
* on V7-M there is no need to copy the vector table to a dedicated
* memory area. The address is configurable and so a table in the kernel
* image can be used.
*/
#endif
}
当cpu检测到外设中断发生时会跳转到异常向量表IRQ表项中，IRQ表中存放着一条跳转指令b vector_irq ,见如下代码
//vecctor_irq 在同一个S文件中
.macro vector_stub, name, mode, correction=0
.align 5
vector_\name:
.if \correction
＠lr 为保存中断发生时PC指针的值，correction 参数为4，减4与流水线架构有关
＠ correction 与这个地方的汇编代码相关： vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE, 4
sub lr, lr, #\correction
.endif
@
@ Save r0, lr_<exception> (parent PC) and spsr_<exception>
@ (parent CPSR)
@ 处于IRQ模式 SP寄存器指向IRQ模式的栈空间，IRQ模式栈空间只有12Byte,保存r0 LR_irq SPSR_irq到IRQ模式栈中
stmia sp, {r0, lr} @ save r0, lr
mrs lr, spsr
str lr, [sp, #8] @ save spsr
@
@ Prepare for SVC32 mode. IRQs remain disabled.
@ 修改CPSR的值，进入SVC模式，因为中断处理在SVC模式下执行。
mrs r0, cpsr
eor r0, r0, #(\mode ^ SVC_MODE | PSR_ISETSTATE)
msr spsr_cxsf, r0
@
@ the branch table must immediately follow this code
@ LR_irq 寄存器保存着发生中断时CPSR的值，反映CPU进入中断前的实际运行模式。
＠ 其中低4位表示USR，FIQ，IRQ，SVC模式
and lr, lr, #0x0f
THUMB( adr r0, 1f )
THUMB( ldr lr, [r0, lr, lsl #2] )
mov r0, sp ＠把IRQ 的栈指针SP指向的内容传递给即将跳转的函数。
ARM( ldr lr, [pc, lr, lsl #2] ) ＠ 根据中断发生点所在的模式，给lr寄存器赋值 ，__irq_usr or __irq_svc标签处。
@ branch to handler in SVC mode 把lr 指针给PC指针，实现中转功能。mov指令带s后缀，表示根据前面的结果来设置CPSR寄存器的标志位。
movs pc, lr
ENDPROC(vector_\name)
/*
* Interrupt dispatcher
*/
vector_stub irq, IRQ_MODE, 4
.long __irq_usr @ 0 (USR_26 / USR_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 1 (FIQ_26 / FIQ_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 2 (IRQ_26 / IRQ_32)
.long __irq_svc @ 3 (SVC_26 / SVC_32)
.long __irq_invalid @ 4
.long __irq_invalid @ 5
.long __irq_invalid @ 6
.long __irq_invalid @ 7
.long __irq_invalid @ 8
.long __irq_invalid @ 9
.long __irq_invalid @ a
.long __irq_invalid @ b
.long __irq_invalid @ c
.long __irq_invalid @ d
.long __irq_invalid @ e
.long __irq_invalid @ f
//当内核空间发生中断时 跳转到 __irq_svc
.align 5
__irq_svc:
＠将中断现场保存到内栈中，然后irq_handler 执行真正的中断
svc_entry
irq_handler
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
＠执行完成中断后，检查是否可以抢占发生中断时的进程
ldr r8, [tsk, #TI_PREEMPT] @ get preempt count
ldr r0, [tsk, #TI_FLAGS] @ get flags
teq r8, #0 @ if preempt count != 0
movne r0, #0 @ force flags to 0
tst r0, #_TIF_NEED_RESCHED
blne svc_preempt
#endif
svc_exit r5, irq = 1 @ return from exception
UNWIND(.fnend )
ENDPROC(__irq_svc)
//svc_entry 中断现场的代码
.macro svc_entry, stack_hole=0, trace=1, uaccess=1
UNWIND(.fnstart )
UNWIND(.save {r0 - pc} )
sub sp, sp, #(SVC_REGS_SIZE + \stack_hole - 4)
#ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
SPFIX( str r0, [sp] ) @ temporarily saved
SPFIX( mov r0, sp )
SPFIX( tst r0, #4 ) @ test original stack alignment
SPFIX( ldr r0, [sp] ) @ restored
#else
SPFIX( tst sp, #4 )
#endif
SPFIX( subeq sp, sp, #4 )
stmia sp, {r1 - r12}
ldmia r0, {r3 - r5}
add r7, sp, #S_SP - 4 @ here for interlock avoidance
mov r6, #-1 @ "" "" "" ""
add r2, sp, #(SVC_REGS_SIZE + \stack_hole - 4)
SPFIX( addeq r2, r2, #4 )
str r3, [sp, #-4]! @ save the "real" r0 copied
@ from the exception stack
mov r3, lr
@
@ We are now ready to fill in the remaining blanks on the stack:
@
@ r2 - sp_svc
@ r3 - lr_svc
@ r4 - lr_<exception>, already fixed up for correct return/restart
@ r5 - spsr_<exception>
@ r6 - orig_r0 (see pt_regs definition in ptrace.h) <- 注意这里
@
stmia r7, {r2 - r6}
get_thread_info tsk
ldr r0, [tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
mov r1, #TASK_SIZE
str r1, [tsk, #TI_ADDR_LIMIT]
str r0, [sp, #SVC_ADDR_LIMIT]
uaccess_save r0
.if \uaccess
uaccess_disable r0
.endif
.if \trace
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS
bl trace_hardirqs_off
#endif
.endif
.endm
内核编译时，中断向量表放在data分区中。
//内核编译时，中断向量表放在data分区中。
//arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
__init_begin = .;
/*
* The vectors and stubs are relocatable code, and the
* only thing that matters is their relative offsets
*/
__vectors_start = .;
.vectors 0xffff0000 : AT(__vectors_start) {
*(.vectors)
}
. = __vectors_start + SIZEOF(.vectors);
__vectors_end = .;
__stubs_start = .;
.stubs ADDR(.vectors) + 0x1000 : AT(__stubs_start) {
*(.stubs)
}
. = __stubs_start + SIZEOF(.stubs);
__stubs_end = .;
PROVIDE(vector_fiq_offset = vector_fiq - ADDR(.vectors));
//系统初始化时会把__stubs_start 到 __stubs_end 的空间复制到hight vectors 高端地址处。
/*
start_kernel()->
setup_arch()->
paging_init()->
devicemaps_init
*/
//arch/arm/mm/mmu.c
static void __init devicemaps_init(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
{
struct map_desc map;
unsigned long addr;
void *vectors;
/*
* Allocate the vector page early.
*/
vectors = early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE * 2);
early_trap_init(vectors);
/*
* Clear page table except top pmd used by early fixmaps
*/
for (addr = VMALLOC_START; addr < (FIXADDR_TOP & PMD_MASK); addr += PMD_SIZE)
pmd_clear(pmd_off_k(addr));
/*
* Map the kernel if it is XIP.
* It is always first in the modulearea.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(CONFIG_XIP_PHYS_ADDR & SECTION_MASK);
map.virtual = MODULES_VADDR;
map.length = ((unsigned long)_exiprom - map.virtual + ~SECTION_MASK) & SECTION_MASK;
map.type = MT_ROM;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
/*
* Map the cache flushing regions.
*/
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS);
map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE;
map.length = SZ_1M;
map.type = MT_CACHECLEAN;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
#ifdef FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(FLUSH_BASE_PHYS + SZ_1M);
map.virtual = FLUSH_BASE_MINICACHE;
map.length = SZ_1M;
map.type = MT_MINICLEAN;
create_mapping(&map);
#endif
/*
* Create a mapping for the machine vectors at the high-vectors
* location (0xffff0000). If we aren't using high-vectors, also
* create a mapping at the low-vectors virtual address.
*/
map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(virt_to_phys(vectors));
//把vectors_base 的物理页面进行虚拟地址重新映射到0xffff0000
map.virtual = 0xffff0000;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
#ifdef CONFIG_KUSER_HELPERS
map.type = MT_HIGH_VECTORS;
#else
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
#endif
create_mapping(&map);
if (!vectors_high()) {
map.virtual = 0;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE * 2;
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map);
}
/* Now create a kernel read-only mapping */
map.pfn += 1;
map.virtual = 0xffff0000 + PAGE_SIZE;
map.length = PAGE_SIZE;
map.type = MT_LOW_VECTORS;
create_mapping(&map);
/*
* Ask the machine support to map in the statically mapped devices.
*/
if (mdesc->map_io)
mdesc->map_io();
else
debug_ll_io_init();
fill_pmd_gaps();
/* Reserve fixed i/o space in VMALLOC region */
pci_reserve_io();
/*
* Finally flush the caches and tlb to ensure that we're in a
* consistent state wrt the writebuffer. This also ensures that
* any write-allocated cache lines in the vector page are written
* back. After this point, we can start to touch devices again.
*/
local_flush_tlb_all();
flush_cache_all();
/* Enable asynchronous aborts */
early_abt_enable();
}
//实现异常向量表的复制
//arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
void __init early_trap_init(void *vectors_base)
{
#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
unsigned long vectors = (unsigned long)vectors_base;
extern char __stubs_start[], __stubs_end[];
extern char __vectors_start[], __vectors_end[];
unsigned i;
vectors_page = vectors_base;
/*
* Poison the vectors page with an undefined instruction. This
* instruction is chosen to be undefined for both ARM and Thumb
* ISAs. The Thumb version is an undefined instruction with a
* branch back to the undefined instruction.
*/
for (i = 0; i < PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(u32); i++)
((u32 *)vectors_base)[i] = 0xe7fddef1; // 填充未定义的指令，在极端的情况跑飞防止意外取指，以捕捉异常
/*
* Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
* into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
* are visible to the instruction stream.
*/
memcpy((void *)vectors, __vectors_start, __vectors_end - __vectors_start);
memcpy((void *)vectors + 0x1000, __stubs_start, __stubs_end - __stubs_start);
kuser_init(vectors_base);
flush_icache_range(vectors, vectors + PAGE_SIZE * 2);
#else /* ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M */
/*
* on V7-M there is no need to copy the vector table to a dedicated
* memory area. The address is configurable and so a table in the kernel
* image can be used.
*/
#endif
}
上层的中断处理
/*
* Interrupt handling.
*/
.macro irq_handler
#ifdef CONFIG_MULTI_IRQ_HANDLER
ldr r1, =handle_arch_irq
mov r0, sp
badr lr, 9997f
ldr pc, [r1]
#else
arch_irq_handler_default
#endif
9997:
.endm
// 在arch/arm/include/asm/irq.h 中
extern void (*handle_arch_irq)(struct pt_regs *);
void __init set_handle_irq(void (*handle_irq)(struct pt_regs *))
{
if (handle_arch_irq)
return;
handle_arch_irq = handle_irq;
}
//set_handle_irq 在下面被调用
//drivers/irqchip/irq-gic.c
static int __init __gic_init_bases(struct gic_chip_data *gic,
int irq_start,
struct fwnode_handle *handle)
{
char *name;
int i, ret;
if (WARN_ON(!gic || gic->domain))
return -EINVAL;
if (gic == &gic_data[0]) {
/*
* Initialize the CPU interface map to all CPUs.
* It will be refined as each CPU probes its ID.
* This is only necessary for the primary GIC.
*/
for (i = 0; i < NR_GIC_CPU_IF; i++)
gic_cpu_map[i] = 0xff;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
set_smp_cross_call(gic_raise_softirq);
#endif
cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls(CPUHP_AP_IRQ_GIC_STARTING,
"irqchip/arm/gic:starting",
gic_starting_cpu, NULL);
set_handle_irq(gic_handle_irq);
if (static_key_true(&supports_deactivate))
pr_info("GIC: Using split EOI/Deactivate mode\n");
}
if (static_key_true(&supports_deactivate) && gic == &gic_data[0]) {
name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "GICv2");
gic_init_chip(gic, NULL, name, true);
} else {
name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "GIC-%d", (int)(gic-&gic_data[0]));
gic_init_chip(gic, NULL, name, false);
}
ret = gic_init_bases(gic, irq_start, handle);
if (ret)
kfree(name);
return ret;
}
//set_handle_irq(gic_handle_irq); gic_handle_irq 的代码
static void __exception_irq_entry gic_handle_irq(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
u32 irqstat, irqnr;
struct gic_chip_data *gic = &gic_data[0];
void __iomem *cpu_base = gic_data_cpu_base(gic);
do {
irqstat = readl_relaxed(cpu_base + GIC_CPU_INTACK);
irqnr = irqstat & GICC_IAR_INT_ID_MASK;
if (likely(irqnr > 15 && irqnr < 1020)) {
if (static_key_true(&supports_deactivate))
writel_relaxed(irqstat, cpu_base + GIC_CPU_EOI);
isb();
handle_domain_irq(gic->domain, irqnr, regs); //注意这里
continue;
}
if (irqnr < 16) {
writel_relaxed(irqstat, cpu_base + GIC_CPU_EOI);
if (static_key_true(&supports_deactivate))
writel_relaxed(irqstat, cpu_base + GIC_CPU_DEACTIVATE);
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
* Ensure any shared data written by the CPU sending
* the IPI is read after we've read the ACK register
* on the GIC.
*
* Pairs with the write barrier in gic_raise_softirq
*/
smp_rmb();
handle_IPI(irqnr, regs);
#endif
continue;
}
break;
} while (1);
}
//kernel/irq/irqdesc.c
int __handle_domain_irq(struct irq_domain *domain, unsigned int hwirq,
bool lookup, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs);
unsigned int irq = hwirq;
int ret = 0;
irq_enter(); //告诉linux 内核要进入中断上下文了
#ifdef CONFIG_IRQ_DOMAIN
if (lookup)
irq = irq_find_mapping(domain, hwirq); //通过硬件中断号hwirq 查找IRQ中断号
#endif
/*
* Some hardware gives randomly wrong interrupts. Rather
* than crashing, do something sensible.
*/
if (unlikely(!irq || irq >= nr_irqs)) {
ack_bad_irq(irq);
ret = -EINVAL;
} else {
generic_handle_irq(irq); // 内部调用desc->handle_irq 指向的回调函数
}
irq_exit();
set_irq_regs(old_regs);
return ret;
}
关于 current 的分析
// irq_enter 调用的 __irq_enter 注意preempt_count_add
// 把当前线程的 thread_info (#define current_thread_info() ((struct thread_info *)current) )
// 中的preempt_count
#define __irq_enter() \
do { \
account_irq_enter_time(current); \
preempt_count_add(HARDIRQ_OFFSET); \
trace_hardirq_enter(); \
} while (0)
//关于current_thread_info 的分析
//#define current_thread_info() ((struct thread_info *)current)
//current 代码如下
//在include/asm-generic/current.h
#include <linux/thread_info.h>
#define get_current() (current_thread_info()->task)
#define current get_current()
//current_thread_info 这里的跟踪不要又绕回去了
//在arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h中
register unsigned long current_stack_pointer asm ("sp");
static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void) __attribute_const__;
static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void)
{
return (struct thread_info *)
(current_stack_pointer & ~(THREAD_SIZE - 1));
}
//current_stack_pointer 就是SP寄存器栈指针
//thread_info 与内核堆栈在内核中的定义位于: include/linux/sched.h 文件中
union thread_union {
#ifndef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK //这个宏没有定义
struct thread_info thread_info;
#endif
unsigned long stack[THREAD_SIZE/sizeof(long)]; //8k
};
/*
* Initial thread structure. Alignment of this is handled by a special
* linker map entry.
*/
//这里要注意 __init_task_data 是一个宏，定义发下(在include/linux/init_task.h中)
//#define __init_task_data __attribute__((__section__(".data..init_task")))
union thread_union init_thread_union __init_task_data = {
#ifndef CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK
INIT_THREAD_INFO(init_task)
#endif
};
//0号进程的栈 init_stack ->init_thread_union.stack
//init/init_task.c
/* Initial task structure */
struct task_struct init_task = INIT_TASK(init_task);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(init_task);
/*__start_init_task 指向了堆栈开始的 地址，并且 init_thread_union 与 init_stack 的地址都指向这里，
内核将 0 号进程的 thread_union 结构存放在这里， 并且将 __end_init_task 指向了堆栈的顶部，
其大小正好是 THREAD_SIZE.
*/
/*
堆栈的生长方式分为向上增长和向下增长，通常堆栈是向下生长的，
也就是栈底位于高地址，栈顶位于低地址，此时内核使用 thread_union 结构将 thread_info 和内核态堆栈绑定到一起，
并且 thread_info 位于区域的底部，而堆栈的栈底位于区域的顶部
*/
//从上面的 #define __init_task_data __attribute__((__section__(".data..init_task"))) 找到对应的位置
//include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
#define INIT_TASK_DATA(align) \
. = ALIGN(align); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__start_init_task) = .; \
*(.data..init_task) \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__end_init_task) = .;
栈结构，注意thread_union 结构体
另外关于 preempt_count 位的介绍可以参考 这里
回到前面的中断分析
//关于这里 generic_handle_irq(irq); // 内部调用desc->handle_irq 指向的回调函数
/*
gic_irq_domain_alloc 调用 gic_irq_domain_map
static const struct irq_domain_ops gic_irq_domain_hierarchy_ops = {
.translate = gic_irq_domain_translate,
.alloc = gic_irq_domain_alloc,
.free = irq_domain_free_irqs_top,
};
这个前有分析过
*/
static int gic_irq_domain_map(struct irq_domain *d, unsigned int irq,
irq_hw_number_t hw)
{
struct gic_chip_data *gic = d->host_data;
if (hw < 32) {
irq_set_percpu_devid(irq);
irq_domain_set_info(d, irq, hw, &gic->chip, d->host_data,
handle_percpu_devid_irq, NULL, NULL);
irq_set_status_flags(irq, IRQ_NOAUTOEN);
} else {
// 把handle_fasteoi_irq 注册到virq 对应的desc 下的handle,细节可以跟进代码分析
irq_domain_set_info(d, irq, hw, &gic->chip, d->host_data,
handle_fasteoi_irq, NULL, NULL);
irq_set_probe(irq);
irqd_set_single_target(irq_desc_get_irq_data(irq_to_desc(irq)));
}
return 0;
}
// 跟进handle_fasteoi_irq －> handle_irq_event -> handle_irq_event_percpu
irqreturn_t handle_irq_event_percpu(struct irq_desc *desc)
{
irqreturn_t retval;
unsigned int flags = 0;
retval = __handle_irq_event_percpu(desc, &flags);
add_interrupt_randomness(desc->irq_data.irq, flags);
if (!noirqdebug)
note_interrupt(desc, retval);
return retval;
}
irqreturn_t handle_irq_event(struct irq_desc *desc)
{
irqreturn_t ret;
desc->istate &= ~IRQS_PENDING;
irqd_set(&desc->irq_data, IRQD_IRQ_INPROGRESS);
raw_spin_unlock(&desc->lock);
ret = handle_irq_event_percpu(desc);
raw_spin_lock(&desc->lock);
irqd_clear(&desc->irq_data, IRQD_IRQ_INPROGRESS);
return ret;
}
irqreturn_t __handle_irq_event_percpu(struct irq_desc *desc, unsigned int *flags)
{
irqreturn_t retval = IRQ_NONE;
unsigned int irq = desc->irq_data.irq;
struct irqaction *action;
record_irq_time(desc);
for_each_action_of_desc(desc, action) {
irqreturn_t res;
trace_irq_handler_entry(irq, action);
res = action->handler(irq, action->dev_id);
trace_irq_handler_exit(irq, action, res);
if (WARN_ONCE(!irqs_disabled(),"irq %u handler %pF enabled interrupts\n",
irq, action->handler))
local_irq_disable();
switch (res) {
case IRQ_WAKE_THREAD:
/*
* Catch drivers which return WAKE_THREAD but
* did not set up a thread function
*/
if (unlikely(!action->thread_fn)) {
warn_no_thread(irq, action);
break;
}
__irq_wake_thread(desc, action);
/* Fall through to add to randomness */
case IRQ_HANDLED:
*flags |= action->flags;
break;
default:
break;
}
retval |= res;
}
return retval;
}
gic_of_init 的调用
//__gic_init_bases 被gic_of_init 调用
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(gic_400, "arm,gic-400", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(arm11mp_gic, "arm,arm11mp-gic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(arm1176jzf_dc_gic, "arm,arm1176jzf-devchip-gic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(cortex_a15_gic, "arm,cortex-a15-gic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(cortex_a9_gic, "arm,cortex-a9-gic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(cortex_a7_gic, "arm,cortex-a7-gic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(msm_8660_qgic, "qcom,msm-8660-qgic", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(msm_qgic2, "qcom,msm-qgic2", gic_of_init);
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(pl390, "arm,pl390", gic_of_init);
/*
声明 irqchip 与初始化函数的关联，兼容 GIC-V2 的 GIC 实现有很多，不过其初始化函数都是一个。
在 linux kernel 编译的时候，你可以配置多个 irq chip 进入内核，编译系统会把所有的 IRQCHIP_DECLARE
宏定义的数据放入到一个特殊的 section 中（section name 是__irqchip_of_table），
我们称这个特殊的 section 叫做 irq chip table。
这个 table 也就保存了 kernel 支持的所有的中断控制器的 ID 信息（最重要的是驱动代码初始化函数和 DT compatible string）
*/
#define IRQCHIP_DECLARE(name, compat, fn) OF_DECLARE_2(irqchip, name, compat, fn)
#define OF_DECLARE_2(table, name, compat, fn) \
_OF_DECLARE(table, name, compat, fn, of_init_fn_2)
#if defined(CONFIG_OF) && !defined(MODULE)
#define _OF_DECLARE(table, name, compat, fn, fn_type) \
static const struct of_device_id __of_table_##name \
__used __section(__##table##_of_table) \
= { .compatible = compat, \
.data = (fn == (fn_type)NULL) ? fn : fn }
#else
#define _OF_DECLARE(table, name, compat, fn, fn_type) \
static const struct of_device_id __of_table_##name \
__attribute__((unused)) \
= { .compatible = compat, \
.data = (fn == (fn_type)NULL) ? fn : fn }
#endif
typedef int (*of_init_fn_2)(struct device_node *, struct device_node *);
/*
IRQCHIP_DECLARE(gic_400, "arm,gic-400", gic_of_init); 展开 －>
OF_DECLARE_2(irqchip,gic_400, "arm,gic-400", gic_of_init) ->
_OF_DECLARE(irqchip,gic_400, "arm,gic-400", gic_of_init,of_init_fn_2) ->
static const struct of_device_id __of_table_gic_400 \
__used __section(__irqchip_of_table) \
= { .compatible = "arm,gic-400", \
.data = (gic_of_init== (of_init_fn_2)NULL) ? gic_of_init : gic_of_init
}
展开后，可以看到 将初始化的 of_device_id 结构体插入到 irqchip_of_table section 中
*/
/* arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S */
.init.data : {
INIT_DATA //添加init section
INIT_SETUP(16)
INIT_CALLS
CON_INITCALL
INIT_RAM_FS
*(.init.rodata.* .init.bss) /* from the EFI stub */
}
//IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE 表放在init_data中
// include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h
/* init and exit section handling */
#define INIT_DATA \
KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \
*(.init.data) \
MEM_DISCARD(init.data) \
KERNEL_CTORS() \
MCOUNT_REC() \
*(.init.rodata) \
FTRACE_EVENTS() \
TRACE_SYSCALLS() \
KPROBE_BLACKLIST() \
MEM_DISCARD(init.rodata) \
CLK_OF_TABLES() \
RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES() \
TIMER_OF_TABLES() \
IOMMU_OF_TABLES() \
CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \
CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \
KERNEL_DTB() \
IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() \
ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(irqchip) \
ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(timer) \
ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(iort) \
EARLYCON_TABLE()
//IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE 代码跟踪如下，在同样的vmlinux.lds.h
#define ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name) _OF_TABLE_##cfg(name)
#define __OF_TABLE(cfg, name) ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name)
#define OF_TABLE(cfg, name) __OF_TABLE(IS_ENABLED(cfg), name)
#define _OF_TABLE_0(name)
#define _OF_TABLE_1(name) \
. = ALIGN(8); \
VMLINUX_SYMBOL(__##name##_of_table) = .; \
KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table)) \
KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table_end))
#define TIMER_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_TIMER_OF, timer)
#define IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_IRQCHIP, irqchip)
//IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE 展开
. = ALIGN(8); //表示从该地址开始后面的存储进行8字节对齐
__irqchip_of_table = .; //定义当前section名字为irqchip_of_table
KEEP(*(irqchip_of_table)) //KEEP: 链接器关键字，防止被优化
KEEP(*(irqchip_of_table_end))
//irqchip_of_table 的解析 ,具体代码细节跳过
/*
start_kernel
-> init_IRQ //arch/arm/kernel/irq.c
-> irqchip_init
*/
总结
上面的分析过程记录在 c文件中 中，可以把这个c加到对应的内核目录中，方便代码的阅读。下载地址 点这里
1485
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
