1.该博客对assert.c的原理和使用方法进行了阐述
函数原型为 void assert(scalar expr); //scalar expr为常量表达式,该函数采用宏实现.
我们为什么用assert.c呢,它有什么优优点呢?
我们常常需要对函数的参数进行检查,当出现错误时,我们就不必再执行函数体,这样可以提前发现错误,减小开销.
由于在DEBUG 和 RELEASE模式下,采用的方案不同,我们可以在DEBU模式下,进行参数检查,当发现没有问题的时候,我们在RELEASE模式下,不再运行该函数,这就是assert.c函数的设计哲学.是不是发现很巧妙?
它怎么实现的呢?
主要是通过常量NDEBUG,该常量在DEBUG模式下,没有定义,而定义在RELEASE模式下.通过条件编译我们就可以简单实现.
使用的注意事项:
1.在函数开始处对参数检查.
2.每次只检查一个参数,否则若断言失败,无法确定是哪个条件错误.
比如assert(n > 0 && n <10);
通常写成:
assert(n > 0);
assert(n < 10);
下面代码是glib中的源码
/* Copyright (C) 1991,1992,1994-2001,2003,2004,2007
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */
/*
* ISO C99 Standard: 7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h>
*/
#ifdef _ASSERT_H
# undef _ASSERT_H
# undef assert
# undef __ASSERT_VOID_CAST
# ifdef __USE_GNU
# undef assert_perror
# endif
#endif /* assert.h */
#define _ASSERT_H 1
#include <features.h>
#if defined __cplusplus && __GNUC_PREREQ (2,95)
# define __ASSERT_VOID_CAST static_cast<void>
#else
# define __ASSERT_VOID_CAST (void)
#endif
/* void assert (int expression);
If NDEBUG is defined, do nothing.
If not, and EXPRESSION is zero, print an error message and abort. */
#ifdef NDEBUG
# define assert(expr) (__ASSERT_VOID_CAST (0))
/* void assert_perror (int errnum);
If NDEBUG is defined, do nothing. If not, and ERRNUM is not zero, print an
error message with the error text for ERRNUM and abort.
(This is a GNU extension.) */
# ifdef __USE_GNU
# define assert_perror(errnum) (__ASSERT_VOID_CAST (0))
# endif
#else /* Not NDEBUG. */
__BEGIN_DECLS
/* This prints an "Assertion failed" message and aborts. */
extern void __assert_fail (__const char *__assertion, __const char *__file,
unsigned int __line, __const char *__function)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
/* Likewise, but prints the error text for ERRNUM. */
extern void __assert_perror_fail (int __errnum, __const char *__file,
unsigned int __line,
__const char *__function)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
/* The following is not at all used here but needed for standard
compliance. */
extern void __assert (const char *__assertion, const char *__file, int __line)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
__END_DECLS
# define assert(expr) \
((expr) \
? __ASSERT_VOID_CAST (0) \
: __assert_fail (__STRING(expr), __FILE__, __LINE__, __ASSERT_FUNCTION))
# ifdef __USE_GNU
# define assert_perror(errnum) \
(!(errnum) \
? __ASSERT_VOID_CAST (0) \
: __assert_perror_fail ((errnum), __FILE__, __LINE__, __ASSERT_FUNCTION))
# endif
/* Version 2.4 and later of GCC define a magical variable `__PRETTY_FUNCTION__'
which contains the name of the function currently being defined.
This is broken in G++ before version 2.6.
C9x has a similar variable called __func__, but prefer the GCC one since
it demangles C++ function names. */
# if defined __cplusplus ? __GNUC_PREREQ (2, 6) : __GNUC_PREREQ (2, 4)
# define __ASSERT_FUNCTION __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
# else
# if defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
# define __ASSERT_FUNCTION __func__
# else
# define __ASSERT_FUNCTION ((__const char *) 0)
# endif
# endif
#endif /* NDEBUG. */
接下来是我自己的实现方案,采用两种思路.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#define NDEBUG
#define ASSERT_VOID_CAST (void)
//version 1
#ifndef NDEBUG
#define assert(expr) \
if(expr) \
do{ \
fprintf(stderr, "Assertion failed:%s, file %s, line %d\n", #expr, __FILE__,__LINE__); \
abort(); \
}while(0)
#else
#define assert(expr) ASSERT_VOID_CAST(0)
#endif
version 2
//void assert_fail(const char *expr, const char *file, int line)
// {
// fprintf(stderr, "Assertion failed:%s, file %s, line %d\n", expr, file, line);
// abort(); \
// }
//#ifndef NDEBUG
//#define assert(expr) \
// ( (expr) \
// ? ASSERT_VOID_CAST(0) \
// : assert_fail(#expr, __FILE__, __LINE__) \
// )
//#else
//#define assert(expr) ASSERT_VOID_CAST(0)
//#endif
int main( void )
{
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen( "test1.txt", "w" );//以可写的方式打开一个文件,如果不存在就创建一个同名文件
assert( fp ); //所以这里不会出错
fclose( fp );
fp = fopen( "test2.txt", "r" );//以只读的方式打开一个文件,如果不存在就打开文件失败
assert( fp ); //所以这里出错
fclose( fp ); //程序永远都执行不到这里来
return 0;
}
当采用version1时:
预编译后代码为:
运行结果:
当采用version2时:
预编译后代码为:
运行结果: