Linux下MySQL的tar及rpm的详细安装-刘宇

作者：刘宇
CSDN博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyu973971883
有部分资料参考，如有侵权，请联系删除。如有不正确的地方，烦请指正，谢谢。

一、tar包安装

1、为数据库创建软件目录以及数据存放目录

#mysql软件目录
mkdir /software/

2、上传mysql的tar包文件到/software/软件安装目录下并解压：

cd /software/
#解压
tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#重命名文件
mv mysql-5.7.17-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql-5.7.17
#创建mysql数据文件目录
mkdir ./mysql-5.7.17/data

4、创建mysql的用户组和用户

#创建用户组
groupadd mysql
#创建用户并添加到用户组中
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

5、修改mysql文件夹的用户组和用户权限

chown -R mysql:mysql  /software/mysql-5.7.17/

6、更改mysql安装文件夹mysql-5.7.17/的权限

chmod -R 755 /software/mysql-5.7.17/

7、检查是否缺少libaio依赖包。

#查询是否安装libaio依赖包
yum search libaio
#如果没安装，可以用下面命令安装
yum install libaio

8、对mysql进行初始化

cd /software/mysql-5.7.17/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql-5.7.17 --datadir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/data

• 错误解决：error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object

#主要是因为libnuma安装了32位的，我们安装一个64位即可。
yum install numactl.x86_64

• 安装成功后即可要复制临时密码

[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: !dyys)ll!8_N

• 忘记复制临时密码，输入如下命令即可获得临时密码

grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

9、启动mysql服务

sh /software/mysql-5.7.17/support-files/mysql.server start

• 我们发现会出现如下错误，修改mysql配置文件即可：

./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

10、修改mysql.server配置文件

• 修改配置文件

 vim /software/mysql-5.7.17/support-files/mysql.server

• 将几个路径修改成我们指定的目录即可

if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/software/mysql-5.7.17
bindir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/data
fi
sbindir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/bin
libexecdir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

11、将mysql.server文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下

cp /software/mysql-5.7.17/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld
#赋予权限
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

12、编辑my.cnf文件

• 编辑文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

• 修改文件

[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket =/software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
basedir=/software/mysql-5.7.17
datadir=/software/mysql-5.7.17/data
pid-file=/software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp/mysqld.pid
log-error=/software/mysql-5.7.17/log/mysql.err
socket = /software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp/mysql.sock

# Server Id.
server-id=1

• 在mysql目录中创建tmp和log文件夹

mkdir /software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp
mkdir /software/mysql-5.7.17/log
#赋予权限777，否则后面用root用户启动失败
chmod 777 /software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp
chmod 777 /software/mysql-5.7.17/log

13、启动mysql

启动

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

报错解决1

• 如果报如下错误，是因为mysql安全启动只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/software/mysql-5.7.17/log/mysql.err'.
2020-08-04T03:25:34.828670Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql-5.7.17/mysqld.pid).

• 解决方法：

#将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql-5.7.17
#如果嫌麻烦可以传到windows上进行一键替换
vim /software/mysql-5.7.17/bin/mysqld_safe

报错解决2

• 如果报如下错误，是因为当前root用户没有权限写入文件，需要切换到mysql用户启动mysql，然后关闭。随后即可使用root用户启动了

Starting MySQL.2020-08-04T03:29:34.828670Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/software/mysql-5.7.17/log/mysql.err', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql-5.7.17/tmp/mysqld.pid).

13、使用临时密码登录

/etc/init.d/mysql -uroot -p
#输入密码

13、修改密码

#修改密码复杂度，如果提示没有则跳过即可
set global validate_password_policy=0;
set global validate_password_length=1;
#修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';

14、修改远程访问权限

#修改权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
#刷入权限
flush privileges;

二、利用rpm的yum源安装

1、下载源安装包

wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

2、安装mysql源镜像

yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm

3、检查mysql源是否安装成功

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

4、修改vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo源。

• 比如要安装5.6版本，将5.7源的enabled=1改成enabled=0。然后再将5.6源的enabled=0改成enabled=1即可。
  

5、安装MySQL

yum install mysql-community-server

6、启动MySQL服务

systemctl start mysqld

7、忘记临时密码

grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

8、使用临时密码登录

/etc/init.d/mysql -uroot -p
#输入密码

9、修改密码

#修改密码复杂度，如果提示没有则跳过即可
set global validate_password_policy=0;
set global validate_password_length=1;
#修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';

10、修改远程访问权限

#修改权限
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
#刷入权限
flush privileges;

三、mysql基础设置

3.1、目录解析

参数	路径	解释	备注
--basedir	/usr/bin	相关命令目录	mysqladmin mysqldump等命令
--datadir	/var/lib/mysql/	mysql数据库文件的存放路径
--plugin-dir	/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin	mysql插件存放路径
--log-error	/var/lib/mysql/jack.atguigu.err	mysql错误日志路径
--pid-file	/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid	进程pid文件
--socket	/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock	本地连接时用的unix套接字文件
	/usr/share/mysql	配置文件目录	mysql脚本及配置文件
	/etc/init.d/mysql	服务启停相关脚本

3.2、修改数据库字符集

• 修改字符集配置

#1.编辑配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf

#2.在[mysqld]下方添加如下设置
character_set_server=utf-8

#3.重启mysql服务
systemctl restart mysqld

• 修改已生成的库字符集

alter database mytest character set 'utf8';

• 修改数据表的字符集

alter table user convert to  character set 'utf8';