Hadoop之运行wordcount

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 03:04:51 发布

liuyuan185442111

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-14 03:04:51 发布

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分类专栏： Old Hadoop 文章标签： hadoop mapreduce wordcount

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/liuyuan185442111/article/details/42876265

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MapReduce

map，映射；reduce，化简。

MapReduce处理大数据集的过程如下图所示

每个MapReduce任务都被初始化为一个Job，每个Job又可以分为两种阶段：map阶段和reduce阶段。这两个阶段分别用两个函数表示，即map函数和reduce函数。map函数接收一个<key,value>形式的输入，然后同样产生一个<key,value>形式的中间输出，reduce函数接收一个如<key,(list of values)>形式的输入，然后对这个value集合进行处理，每个reduce产生0或1个输出，reduce的输出也是<key,value>形式的。

wordcount

单词计数是最简单也是最能体现MapReduce思想的程序之一，可以称为MapReduce版"Hello World"。

单词计数主要完成功能是：统计一系列文本文件中每个单词出现的次数，如下图所示。

特别数据类型介绍

Hadoop提供了如下内容的数据类型，这些数据类型都实现了WritableComparable接口，以便用这些类型定义的数据可以被序列化进行网络传输和文件存储，以及进行大小比较。

BooleanWritable：标准布尔型数值

ByteWritable：单字节数值

DoubleWritable：双字节数

FloatWritable：浮点数

IntWritable：整型数

LongWritable：长整型数

Text：使用UTF8格式存储的文本

NullWritable：当<key,value>中的key或value为空时使用

旧的API

package org.apache.hadoop.examples;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapReduceBase;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextOutputFormat;

public class WordCount
{
    public static class Map extends MapReduceBase
        implements Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>
    {
        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();

        public void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
                        OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)
        throws IOException
        {
            String line = value.toString();
            StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
            while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens())
            {
                word.set(tokenizer.nextToken());
                output.collect(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class Reduce extends MapReduceBase
    implements Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>
    {
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterator<IntWritable> values,
                           OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter)
        throws IOException
        {
            int sum = 0;
            while (values.hasNext())
            {
                sum += values.next().get();
            }
            output.collect(key, new IntWritable(sum));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        JobConf conf = new JobConf(WordCount.class);
        conf.setJobName("wordcount");

        conf.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        conf.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        conf.setMapperClass(Map.class);
        conf.setCombinerClass(Reduce.class);
        conf.setReducerClass(Reduce.class);

        conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
        conf.setOutputFormat(TextOutputFormat.class);

        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path(args[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[1]));

        JobClient.runJob(conf);
    }
}

分析参见《Hadoop实战3.2.3》P42或《Hadoop集群（第6期）_WordCount运行详解》一文。

编译打包

javac -classpath hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar -d temp WordCount.java
jar -cvf word.jar -C temp .

最终在当前目录生成word.jar，然后执行

hadoop jar word.jar WordCount input output

出错了！

查阅相关资料，需要这样写才行：

hadoop jar WordCount.jarorg.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output

为何？直接执行

hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar wordcountinput output

就没问题。根源在于jar包里的META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件，hadoop自带例程的此文件内容为

Manifest-Version: 1.0

Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.8.2

Created-By: 1.6.0_31-b04 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)

Main-Class:org/apache/hadoop/examples/ExampleDriver

我生成的jar包此文件内容为

Manifest-Version: 1.0

Created-By: 1.8.0_25 (Oracle Corporation)

所以结果就是这样喽。

解决办法有两个，一是把源文件首行的packageorg.apache.hadoop.examples;给删掉，二是在MANIFEST.MF文件中添加Main-Class信息。

新的API

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

public class WordCount
{
    public static class TokenizerMapper
        extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable>
    {
        private final static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
        private Text word = new Text();

        public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context)
        throws IOException, InterruptedException
        {
            StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
            while (itr.hasMoreTokens())
            {
                word.set(itr.nextToken());
                context.write(word, one);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class IntSumReducer
        extends Reducer<Text,IntWritable,Text,IntWritable>
    {
        private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
        public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context)
        throws IOException, InterruptedException
        {
            int sum = 0;
            for (IntWritable val : values)
            {
                sum += val.get();
            }
            result.set(sum);
            context.write(key, result);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();

        if (otherArgs.length != 2)
        {
            System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> <out>");
            System.exit(2);
        }

        Job job = new Job(conf, "word count");
        job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
        job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
        job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
        job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);

        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

在MapReduce中，由Job对象负责管理和运行一个计算任务，并通过Job的一些方法对任务的参数进行相关的设置。此处设置了使用TokenizerMapper完成Map过程中的处理和使用IntSumReducer完成Combine和Reduce过程中的处理。还设置了Map过程和Reduce过程的输出类型：key的类型为Text，value的类型为IntWritable。任务的输出和输入路径则由命令行参数指定，并由FileInputFormat和FileOutputFormat分别设定。完成相应任务的参数设定后，即可调用job.waitForCompletion()方法执行任务。

编译打包执行都与上节类似，只是编译过程中的classpath有所不同

javac -classpath hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-core-1.2.1.jar:hadoop-1.2.1/lib/commons-cli-1.2.jar -d temp WordWount.java