c++模板---3（类模板碰到继承问题，类模板类外实现，类模板与友元函数）

类模板碰到继承问题

1. 基类如果是模板类，必须让子类告诉编译器 基类中的T到底是什么类型

2. 如果不告诉，那么无法分配内存，编译不过

3. 利用参数列表class Child :public Base<int>

    #include<iostream>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    template<class T>
    class Base
    {
    public:
    	T m_A;
    
    };
    
    //Child继承于Base必须告诉base中的T的类型，否则T无法分配内存
    class Child :public Base<int>
    {
    
    };
    
    //Child2也是模板类
    template<class T1,class T2>
    class Child2 :public Base<int>
    {
    public:
    	Child2()
    	{
    		cout << typeid(T1).name ()<< endl;
    		cout << typeid(T2).name ()<< endl;
    	}
    public:
    	T1 m_B;
    };
    
    void test01()
    {
    	Child2<int, double >child;//由用户来指定类型
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	test01();
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }
   

类模板类外实现

1. template<class T1 ,class T2>
   Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age)

    #include<iostream>
    #include<string>
    using namespace std;
    
    template<class T1,class T2>
    class Person
    {
    public:
    	Person(T1 name, T2 age);
    		/*{
    		this->m_Name = name;
    		this->m_Age - age;
    		}*/
    
    	void showPerson();
    	/*{
    		cout << "姓名" << this->m_Name << "年龄" << this->m_Age << endl;
    	}*/
    
    
    	T1 m_Name;
    	T2 m_Age;
    
    };
    //类外实现成员函数
    template<class T1 ,class T2>
    Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age)
    {
    	this->m_Name = name;
    	this->m_Age = age;
    }
    template<class T1, class T2>
    void Person<T1, T2>::showPerson()
    {
    	cout << "姓名" << this->m_Name << "年龄" << this->m_Age << endl;
    }
    
    void test01()
    {
    	Person <string,int >p1("Mt", 100);
    	p1.showPerson();
    }
    
    int main()
    {
    	test01();
    	system("pause");
    	return 0;
    }
   

类模板与友元函数

友员函数类内实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

template<class T1,class T2>

class Person
{
	//友员函数类内实现
	friend void printPerson(Person<T1,T2>&p)
	{
		cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
	}
public:
	Person(T1 name, T2 age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}

private:
	T1 m_Name;
	T2 m_Age;
};

void test01()

{
	Person<string, int >p("Tom", 10);
	printPerson(p);
}

int main()
{

	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

友员函数类内实现

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//让编译器提前看到printPerson声明
template<class T1, class T2>class Person;
template<class T1, class T2>void printPerson(Person<T1, T2>&p);




template<class T1, class T2>

class Person
{
	//友员函数类内实现    利用空参数列表 告诉编译器 模板函数声明
	friend void printPerson<>(Person<T1, T2>&p); //普通函数 声明
	/*{
		cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
	}*/
public:
	Person(T1 name, T2 age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}

private:
	T1 m_Name;
	T2 m_Age;
};

//类外实现
template<class T1,class T2>
 void printPerson(Person<T1, T2>&p)
{
	cout << "姓名：" << p.m_Name << "年龄：" << p.m_Age << endl;
}



void test01()

{
	Person<string, int >p("Tom", 10);
	printPerson(p);
}

int main()
{

	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}