近来有人需要使用arm完成工控lcd的显示，所以花了几天时间看了一下相关资料。在此做个总结，以备后用！
因为手上只有一块2440和sony的3.5寸屏幕，所以就是被人笑也要做了再说，哈哈！
首先声明我使用的是2.6.32.2的kernel。
首先应该关注的是/include/linux/fb.h 这里定义了frambuffer所有的结构和操作，使用sourceinsight可以很方便的查找到引用。比如fb_write函数，可以追踪到
drivers/video/fbmem.c 喜欢研究底层操作的，一定要看这里面的。
剩下需要关注的是arch/arm/plat-s3c/include/plat/regs-fb.h和arch/arm/plat-s3c/include/plat/fb.h这里定义了s3c平台通用的fb寄存器和地址信息，
还有arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/include/mach/fb.h，这里定义了2410自己架构的结构体比如s3c2410fb_mach_info s3c2410fb_display s3c2410fb_hw
好了，看完这些骨架大概对framebuffer有了一个了解了，下面就是看看这些骨头上的肉是什么样的吧！
上面已经提到的fbmem.c一类是linux系统通用的代码，我们这里就不深入了，还是单独看看针对2410 2440有哪些需要关注的吧。
1）先看arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.c 里面有啥宝贝。/* LCD Controller */ 下面标示的有static struct resource s3c_lcd_resource[]，
static u64 s3c_device_lcd_dmamask，void __init s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata，
struct platform_device s3c_device_lcd = {
.name = "s3c2410-lcd",
.id = -1,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_lcd_resource),
.resource = s3c_lcd_resource,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &s3c_device_lcd_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL
}
s3c_device_lcd 是这里的关键咯，定义了我们需要的基本信息。
2）顺藤摸瓜，我们找到了arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-bast.c ，这里定义了平台对应系统的一些数据实现，如果我们要自己做驱动那就要关注一下了，因为通过这里
进行相应的修改，会大大加快你的进度。对于修改驱动的朋友可以跳过去。
3）因为我用的是2440的板子所以移植kernel的时候使用的2410+smdk2440的架构，如果使用其他架构的朋友要注意了，这里开始就要分化咯。
在arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c里面有我们最终需要的/* LCD driver info */，static struct s3c2410fb_display smdk2440_lcd_cfg __initdata包含了针
对LCD屏幕的各种参数设置，static struct s3c2410fb_mach_info smdk2440_fb_info __initdata包含了framebuffer驱动的基本信息，这些都是针对2440平台特有的数
据（所以到这里我们大概了解了linux驱动的大概路径，首先是linux基本结构，再到平台结构，最后才到架构的具体实现）。
4）剩下最后我们要看的就是drivers/video/s3c2410fb.c了，它是这里的主角，这里包含了s3c2410fb_ops， s3c2410fb_irq， s3c24xxfb_probe等等，做过驱动的朋友一
定很熟悉这些下划线后面的名字吧，对了，这里就是上面所有准备信息的最后驱动实现，这里包括了注册，中断，操作等等的实体。
到此为止我们已经将2440framebuffer驱动的街道走了一遍，但是没有进入每个房间和花园去欣赏，鉴于很多牛人已经做了这个向导，下面是我找到的一些资源，大家可以去参考一下。
1、想要快速让自己的sony 3.5寸 lcd出现小企鹅的可以参考《LCD驱动移植--x35》http://2378949.blog.51cto.com/2368949/674685 虽然这位兄弟也不是原创，但是内容却是正确的，这里提醒心急的朋友，在2.6.32源码里面s3c2410fb_mach_info下面有一段注释 /* currently setup by downloader */ 一定要打开哦！
2、想要了解lcd驱动更加详细的信息，可以参考《linux-2.6.32.2framebuffer源代码详细分析》 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/f793780f7cd184254b353580.html，因为时间问题我没有找到pdf版本的下载，不过内容不多，在线看一下应该也可以的。
3、这里还有一篇文章一定要看《Framebuffer原理、使用、测试系列文章》 http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-1932291-1-1.html 能被chinaunix定为精华，相比大家应该知道其分量了吧。
为了方便大家，我将测试代码复制了过来（这里不得不提一下，chinaunix有个代码复制功能，真的很喜欢，希望csdn也能做一个）
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/kd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
struct fb_var_screeninfo vinfo;
struct fb_fix_screeninfo finfo;
char *frameBuffer = 0;
//打印fb驱动中fix结构信息，注：在fb驱动加载后，fix结构不可被修改。
void
printFixedInfo ()
{
printf ("Fixed screen info:\n"
"\tid: %s\n"
"\tsmem_start: 0x%lx\n"
"\tsmem_len: %d\n"
"\ttype: %d\n"
"\ttype_aux: %d\n"
"\tvisual: %d\n"
"\txpanstep: %d\n"
"\typanstep: %d\n"
"\tywrapstep: %d\n"
"\tline_length: %d\n"
"\tmmio_start: 0x%lx\n"
"\tmmio_len: %d\n"
"\taccel: %d\n"
"\n",
finfo.id, finfo.smem_start, finfo.smem_len, finfo.type,
finfo.type_aux, finfo.visual, finfo.xpanstep, finfo.ypanstep,
finfo.ywrapstep, finfo.line_length, finfo.mmio_start,
finfo.mmio_len, finfo.accel);
}
//打印fb驱动中var结构信息，注：fb驱动加载后，var结构可根据实际需要被重置
void
printVariableInfo ()
{
printf ("Variable screen info:\n"
"\txres: %d\n"
"\tyres: %d\n"
"\txres_virtual: %d\n"
"\tyres_virtual: %d\n"
"\tyoffset: %d\n"
"\txoffset: %d\n"
"\tbits_per_pixel: %d\n"
"\tgrayscale: %d\n"
"\tred: offset: %2d, length: %2d, msb_right: %2d\n"
"\tgreen: offset: %2d, length: %2d, msb_right: %2d\n"
"\tblue: offset: %2d, length: %2d, msb_right: %2d\n"
"\ttransp: offset: %2d, length: %2d, msb_right: %2d\n"
"\tnonstd: %d\n"
"\tactivate: %d\n"
"\theight: %d\n"
"\twidth: %d\n"
"\taccel_flags: 0x%x\n"
"\tpixclock: %d\n"
"\tleft_margin: %d\n"
"\tright_margin: %d\n"
"\tupper_margin: %d\n"
"\tlower_margin: %d\n"
"\thsync_len: %d\n"
"\tvsync_len: %d\n"
"\tsync: %d\n"
"\tvmode: %d\n"
"\n",
vinfo.xres, vinfo.yres, vinfo.xres_virtual, vinfo.yres_virtual,
vinfo.xoffset, vinfo.yoffset, vinfo.bits_per_pixel,
vinfo.grayscale, vinfo.red.offset, vinfo.red.length,
vinfo.red.msb_right, vinfo.green.offset, vinfo.green.length,
vinfo.green.msb_right, vinfo.blue.offset, vinfo.blue.length,
vinfo.blue.msb_right, vinfo.transp.offset, vinfo.transp.length,
vinfo.transp.msb_right, vinfo.nonstd, vinfo.activate,
vinfo.height, vinfo.width, vinfo.accel_flags, vinfo.pixclock,
vinfo.left_margin, vinfo.right_margin, vinfo.upper_margin,
vinfo.lower_margin, vinfo.hsync_len, vinfo.vsync_len,
vinfo.sync, vinfo.vmode);
}
//画大小为width*height的同色矩阵，8alpha+8reds+8greens+8blues
void
drawRect_rgb32 (int x0, int y0, int width, int height, int color)
{
const int bytesPerPixel = 4;
const int stride = finfo.line_length / bytesPerPixel;
int *dest = (int *) (frameBuffer)
+ (y0 + vinfo.yoffset) * stride + (x0 + vinfo.xoffset);
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < height; ++y)
{
for (x = 0; x < width; ++x)
{
dest[x] = color;
}
dest += stride;
}
}
//画大小为width*height的同色矩阵，5reds+6greens+5blues
void
drawRect_rgb16 (int x0, int y0, int width, int height, int color)
{
const int bytesPerPixel = 2;
const int stride = finfo.line_length / bytesPerPixel;
const int red = (color & 0xff0000) >> (16 + 3);
const int green = (color & 0xff00) >> (8 + 2);
const int blue = (color & 0xff) >> 3;
const short color16 = blue | (green << 5) | (red << (5 + 6));
short *dest = (short *) (frameBuffer)
+ (y0 + vinfo.yoffset) * stride + (x0 + vinfo.xoffset);
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < height; ++y)
{
for (x = 0; x < width; ++x)
{
dest[x] = color16;
}
dest += stride;
}
}
//画大小为width*height的同色矩阵，5reds+5greens+5blues
void
drawRect_rgb15 (int x0, int y0, int width, int height, int color)
{
const int bytesPerPixel = 2;
const int stride = finfo.line_length / bytesPerPixel;
const int red = (color & 0xff0000) >> (16 + 3);
const int green = (color & 0xff00) >> (8 + 3);
const int blue = (color & 0xff) >> 3;
const short color15 = blue | (green << 5) | (red << (5 + 5)) | 0x8000;
short *dest = (short *) (frameBuffer)
+ (y0 + vinfo.yoffset) * stride + (x0 + vinfo.xoffset);
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < height; ++y)
{
for (x = 0; x < width; ++x)
{
dest[x] = color15;
}
dest += stride;
}
}
void
drawRect (int x0, int y0, int width, int height, int color)
{
switch (vinfo.bits_per_pixel)
{
case 32:
drawRect_rgb32 (x0, y0, width, height, color);
break;
case 16:
drawRect_rgb16 (x0, y0, width, height, color);
break;
case 15:
drawRect_rgb15 (x0, y0, width, height, color);
break;
default:
printf ("Warning: drawRect() not implemented for color depth %i\n",
vinfo.bits_per_pixel);
break;
}
}
#define PERFORMANCE_RUN_COUNT 5
void
performSpeedTest (void *fb, int fbSize)
{
int i, j, run;
struct timeval startTime, endTime;
unsigned long long results[PERFORMANCE_RUN_COUNT];
unsigned long long average;
unsigned int *testImage;
unsigned int randData[17] = {
0x3A428472, 0x724B84D3, 0x26B898AB, 0x7D980E3C, 0x5345A084,
0x6779B66B, 0x791EE4B4, 0x6E8EE3CC, 0x63AF504A, 0x18A21B33,
0x0E26EB73, 0x022F708E, 0x1740F3B0, 0x7E2C699D, 0x0E8A570B,
0x5F2C22FB, 0x6A742130
};
printf ("Frame Buffer Performance test...\n");
for (run = 0; run < PERFORMANCE_RUN_COUNT; ++run)
{
/* Generate test image with random(ish) data: */
testImage = (unsigned int *) malloc (fbSize);
j = run;
for (i = 0; i < (int) (fbSize / sizeof (int)); ++i)
{
testImage[i] = randData[j];
j++;
if (j >= 17)
j = 0;
}
gettimeofday (&startTime, NULL);
memcpy (fb, testImage, fbSize);
gettimeofday (&endTime, NULL);
long secsDiff = endTime.tv_sec - startTime.tv_sec;
results[run] =
secsDiff * 1000000 + (endTime.tv_usec - startTime.tv_usec);
free (testImage);
}
average = 0;
for (i = 0; i < PERFORMANCE_RUN_COUNT; ++i)
average += results[i];
average = average / PERFORMANCE_RUN_COUNT;
printf (" Average: %llu usecs\n", average);
printf (" Bandwidth: %.03f MByte/Sec\n",
(fbSize / 1048576.0) / ((double) average / 1000000.0));
printf (" Max. FPS: %.03f fps\n\n",
1000000.0 / (double) average);
/* Clear the framebuffer back to black again: */
memset (fb, 0, fbSize);
}
int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
const char *devfile = "/dev/fb0";
long int screensize = 0;
int fbFd = 0;
/* Open the file for reading and writing */
fbFd = open (devfile, O_RDWR);
if (fbFd == -1)
{
perror ("Error: cannot open framebuffer device");
exit (1);
}
//获取finfo信息并显示
if (ioctl (fbFd, FBIOGET_FSCREENINFO, &finfo) == -1)
{
perror ("Error reading fixed information");
exit (2);
}
printFixedInfo ();
//获取vinfo信息并显示
if (ioctl (fbFd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vinfo) == -1)
{
perror ("Error reading variable information");
exit (3);
}
printVariableInfo ();
/* Figure out the size of the screen in bytes */
screensize = finfo.smem_len;
/* Map the device to memory */
frameBuffer =
(char *) mmap (0, screensize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
fbFd, 0);
if (frameBuffer == MAP_FAILED)
{
perror ("Error: Failed to map framebuffer device to memory");
exit (4);
}
//测试virt fb的性能
performSpeedTest (frameBuffer, screensize);
printf ("Will draw 3 rectangles on the screen,\n"
"they should be colored red, green and blue (in that order).\n");
drawRect (vinfo.xres / 8, vinfo.yres / 8,
vinfo.xres / 4, vinfo.yres / 4, 0xffff0000);
drawRect (vinfo.xres * 3 / 8, vinfo.yres * 3 / 8,
vinfo.xres / 4, vinfo.yres / 4, 0xff00ff00);
drawRect (vinfo.xres * 5 / 8, vinfo.yres * 5 / 8,
vinfo.xres / 4, vinfo.yres / 4, 0xff0000ff);
sleep (5);
printf (" Done.\n");
munmap (frameBuffer, screensize); //解除内存映射，与mmap对应
close (fbFd);
return 0;
}
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