1.简单使用ListView:
- 在布局文件中添加ListView控件
通过适配器讲数据传递给ListView:
private String[] data={"zhangsan","lisi","wangwu","dengdeng"};
ArrayAdapter adapter=new ArrayAdapter (MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data); ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view); listView.setAdapter(adapter);
其中android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1是为ListView指定的子项布局的id
2.定制ListView界面
通俗的说:将两种原料(容器中装的数据集和ListView的子项的布局文件)在加工器(适配器Adapter)的加工下一一匹配(布局文件中控件要显示的内容和数据集中的各个数据项一一对应)。
本例中是将水果和对应的名称作为数据显示在ListView中
数据集
自定义一个类,将要显示的数据作为对象属性封装在类中public class Fruit { private String name; private int imageId; public Fruit(String name, int imageId) { this.name = name; this.imageId = imageId; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getimageId() { return imageId; } }
子项布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <ImageView android:id="@+id/fruit_image" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/fruit_name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" android:layout_margin="10dp"/> </LinearLayout>
自定义适配器
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> { private int resourceId; public FruitAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Fruit> objects) { super(context, resource, objects); resourceId=resource; } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { Fruit fruit=getItem(position); View view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false); ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image); TextView fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name); fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId()); fruitName.setText(fruit.getName()); return view; } }
为ListView设定适配器,显示数据
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initFruits(); FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList); ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view); listView.setAdapter(adapter); } private void initFruits(){ for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { Fruit apple = new Fruit("苹果", R.drawable.apple); fruitList.add(apple); Fruit caomei = new Fruit("草莓", R.drawable.caomei); fruitList.add(caomei); Fruit migua = new Fruit("蜜瓜", R.drawable.migua); fruitList.add(migua); Fruit orange = new Fruit("橘子", R.drawable.orange); fruitList.add(orange); Fruit putao = new Fruit("葡萄", R.drawable.putao); fruitList.add(putao); Fruit qiyiguo = new Fruit("奇异果", R.drawable.qiyiguo); fruitList.add(qiyiguo); } } }
3.优化,提升ListView效率
为避免快速滑动时重复加载布局重新加载,注意到自定义的适配器中getView()方法中有一个参数convertView,这个参数用于将之前加载好的布局进行缓存,以便之后可以进行重用,所以修改FruitAdapter中的代码如下:
@Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { Fruit fruit=getItem(position); View view; if(convertView==null){ view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false); } else{ view=convertView; } ImageView fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image); TextView fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name); fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId()); fruitName.setText(fruit.getName()); return view; }
可以看到,现在我们在getView()方法中进行了判断,如果convertView为null,则使用Layout工nflater去加载布局,如果不为null则直接对convertView进行重用。这样就大大提高了ListView的运行效率,在快速滚动的时候也可以表现出更好的性能。
不过,目前我们的这份代码还是可以继续优化的,虽然现在已经不会再重复去加载布局,但是每次在getView()方法中还是会调用View的findViewById()方法来获取一次控件的实例,我们可以借助一个ViewHolder来对这部分性能进行优化,修改FruitAdapter中的代码,如下所示:
@Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { Fruit fruit=getItem(position); View view; ViewHolder viewHolder; if(convertView==null){ view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false); viewHolder=new ViewHolder(); viewHolder.fruitImage=(ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image); viewHolder.fruitName=(TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name); view.setTag(viewHolder);//将viewHolder存储在view中 } else{ view=convertView; viewHolder=(ViewHolder) view.getTag(); } viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getimageId()); viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName()); return view; } class ViewHolder{ ImageView fruitImage; TextView fruitName; }
我们新增了一个内部类ViewHolder,用于对控件的实例进行缓存。当convertView为null 的时候,创建一个ViewHolder对象,并将控件的实例都存放在ViewHolder里,然后调用View 的setTag()方法,将ViewHolder对象存储在View中。当convertView不为null的时候,
则调用View的getTag()方法,把ViewHolder重新取出。这样所有控件的实例都缓存在了 ViewHolder里,就没有必要每次都通过findViewBy工do方法来获取控件实例了。
通过这两步优化之后,我们ListView的运行效率就已经非常不错了。
4. ListView的点击事件
为ListView设置子项监听器,修改代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private List<Fruit> fruitList=new ArrayList<>(); @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); ActionBar actionBar=getSupportActionBar(); if(actionBar!=null){ actionBar.hide(); } initFruits(); FruitAdapter adapter=new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList); ListView listView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view); listView.setAdapter(adapter); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { Fruit fruit=fruitList.get(position); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } private void initFruits(){ for(int i=0;i<10;i++) { Fruit apple = new Fruit("苹果", R.drawable.apple); fruitList.add(apple); Fruit caomei = new Fruit("草莓", R.drawable.caomei); fruitList.add(caomei); Fruit migua = new Fruit("蜜瓜", R.drawable.migua); fruitList.add(migua); Fruit orange = new Fruit("橘子", R.drawable.orange); fruitList.add(orange); Fruit putao = new Fruit("葡萄", R.drawable.putao); fruitList.add(putao); Fruit qiyiguo = new Fruit("奇异果", R.drawable.qiyiguo); fruitList.add(qiyiguo); } } }