etc文件夹下面有什么

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-10 10:47:22 发布

_liuz

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-10 10:47:22 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏： linux 文章标签： linux

linux 专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

原作者：AmirAli Lalji， 2005年10月7日

修改 /etc 目录下的文件可能会使系统无法启动，所以提前一定要做好备份。

/etc/exports: 这个文件包含分区配置信息，用于NFS（网络文件系统）的加载。它规定了分区如何挂载，如何与其他Linux/Unix共享分区。

/etc/ftpusers: 这个文件列出的用户不允许通过FTP登录系统。出于安全考虑，建议把 root user 添加进来。

/etc/fstab: 这个文件自动挂载位于不同磁盘或分区的文件系统。操作系统启动和挂载新文件系统时会检查这个文件。

/etc/hosts.[allow, deny]: you can control access to your network by using these files. Adds hosts that you want to grant access to your network to thehosts.allow file; add hosts that you want to deny access to hosts.deny.

/etc/inetd.conf or /etc/xinetd.conf: the inetd file can be called the father of networking services. This file is responsible for starting services such as FTP, telnet and the like. Some Linux distributions come with xinetd.conf, which stands for extended Internet services daemon （守护进程）. This file provides all the functionalities and capabilities of inetd but extends them further.

It is advisable to comment out services you do not use.

/etc/inittab: this file describes what takes place or which processes are started at bootup or at differentrunlevels. A runlevel is defined as the state in which the Linux box currently is in. Linux has seven runlevels, from 0-6.

/etc/motd: motd stands for message of the day. This file is executed and its contents displayed after a successful login.

/etc/passwd: this file contains user information. Whenever a new user is added, an entry is added to this file containing the user's login name, password and so on. This file is readable by everyone on the system. If the password field contains "x", then encrypted passwords are stored in /etc/shadow, a file that is accessible only by the root user.

/etc/profile: when a user logs in, a number of configuration files are executed, including /etc/profile. This file contains settings and global startup information for the bash shell.

/etc/services: this file works in conjunction with /etc/inetd.conf or /etc/xinetd.conf files (see above). This file determines which port a service mentioned in inetd.conf is to use, for example, FTP/21, TELNET/23 and so on.

/etc/securetty: this file lists TTYs from which root is allowed to log in. For security reasons it is recommended to keep only tty1 for root login.

/etc/shells: this file contains the names of all the shells installed on the system, along with their full path names.

I hope you enjoyed this article and hope it helped in your understanding the /etc directory. You might find other subdirectories beneath the /etc directory that are application specific. /etc/httpd and /etc/sendmail, for example, are for Apache and sendmail, respectively.

AmirAli Lalji is a system administrator/DBA who lives and works in the UK and Portugal（葡萄牙）.

随着Linux的发展，上述目录结构可能会有变动。比如，Ubuntu 6.10及后续版本使用upstart取代 /sbin/init 守护进程，所以就移除了 /etc/inittab 文件。