linux下mysql中文乱码问题

今天同事开发过程中遇到linux下mysql中文乱码问题，直接通过sql脚本插入中文数据乱码。将解决方法记录下：

1、首先确定server、数据库和表的默认字符级

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、通过上面的查询结果，我们知道server和database默认字符集为拉丁文latin1，表毫无疑问是采用server字符集作为默认字符集。这样就导致了，我们通过sql脚本插入中文时乱码的问题。由于我们代码中统一采用了UTF-8作为工程的默认字符集编码，为了统一，我们这里需要将字符集修改为UTF-8。

3、准备通过mysql下my.ini启动文件来修改默认的字符集，找了半天没找到（由于是测试环境，不记得mysql是不是系统自带的了）。那就采用命令行的方式来修改，分别修改server、database、table默认的字符集

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name        | Value             |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use callcenter;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> alter database callcenter character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set names 'utf8';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use callcenter;
Database changed
mysql> select * from um_group;
+----+------+----------------+------+
| id | name | description    | type |
+----+------+----------------+------+
|  1 | ??   | ?????????????  |    2 |
|  2 | ???  | ?????????????? |    2 |
|  3 | aaaa | aaaaaa         |    2 |
|  3 | ??   | ??             |    2 |
|  4 | ??   | ??             |    2 |
|  5 | ??   | ??             |    2 |
+----+------+----------------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+-------------+------+
| id | name | description | type |
+----+------+-------------+------+
|  5 | ??   | ??          |    2 |
+----+------+-------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+-------------+------+
| id | name | description | type |
+----+------+-------------+------+
|  5 | ??   | ??          |    2 |
|  6 | ??   | ??          |    2 |
+----+------+-------------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop table test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> create table test(
    -> name varchar(20)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> insert into test values('啊啊啊');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test;
+-----------+
| name      |
+-----------+
| 啊啊啊 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)