前言
HttpClient相比于传统jdk自带的URLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性,它不仅是客户端发送http请求变得容易,而且也方便了开发人员测试接口,提高了开发的效率。HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。
由于公司业务发展,需要通过springboot服务调用ssm服务,原本打算的是通过dubbo实现这种服务间调用,但是考虑到只要调用一个接口这种方式太浪费了。于是想到了通过httpclient方式实现服务调用
实现思路
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步:
- 创建HttpClient对象
- 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象
- 如果需要发送参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数
- 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse
- 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
- 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
实现步骤
pom添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.4</version>
</dependency>
代码实现
/**
* http客户端
*
*
* @author:刘子腾
* @date:2019年3月20日21:44:06
*/
public class HttpClientTest {
/**
* post请求传输map数据
*
* @param url url地址
* @param map map数据
* @param encoding 编码方式
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String sendPostDataByMap(String url, Map<String, String> map, String encoding) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 装填参数
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
if (map != null) {
for (Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
}
}
// 设置参数到请求对象中
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, encoding));
// 设置header信息
// 指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
// 执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都数正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放链接
response.close();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求传输json数据
*
* @param url url地址
* @param json json数据
* @param encoding 编码方式
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String sendPostDataByJson(String url, String json, String encoding) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数到请求对象中
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
// 执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都数正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放链接
response.close();
return result;
}
/**
* get请求传输数据
*
* @param url
* @param encoding
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public String sendGetData(String url, String encoding) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建get方式请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
// 通过请求对象获取响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都数正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放链接
response.close();
return result;
}
@Test
public void testSendPostDataByMap() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/httpService/sendPostDataByMap";
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", "wyj");
map.put("city", "南京");
String body = sendPostDataByMap(url, map, "utf-8");
System.out.println("响应结果:" + body);
}
@Test
public void testSendPostDataByJson() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/httpService/sendPostDataByJson";
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", "wyj");
map.put("city", "南京");
String body = sendPostDataByJson(url, JSON.toJSONString(map), "utf-8");
System.out.println("响应结果:" + body);
}
@Test
public void testSendGetData() throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String url = "http://localhost:8080/httpService/sendGetData?name=wyj&city=南京";
String body = sendGetData(url, "utf-8");
System.out.println("响应结果:" + body);
}
}