见:https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/348625350.html
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$ i="abc,def,ghi,jlk"
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$ echo ${i%%,*}abc
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$ echo ${i%,*}
abc,def,ghi
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$ echo ${i##*,}
jlk
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$ echo ${i#*,}
def,ghi,jlk
bruce@bruce-Lenovo-IdeaPad-V450:~$