EF学习小记

公司一直在用ADO.net + Entity + 代码自动生成器的方式操作数据库，哎~~（每次手写SQL，感觉跟不上时代了） 每次添加删除字段该无数个查询函数，真的很蛋疼！!决心自己研究下ORM，先从EF code first入手吧 !! 在这里记一笔可以以后自己学习，下面是我在学习过程及遇到的问题。开发环境VS2013   .net framework4.0  

1、首先当然是先用nuget引入最新的Entity framework程序包，在这儿就遇到了问题自带的nuget.org程序包在我这儿就是连接不上，网上好多方法都试过（加硬解等等）后来发现nuget.org的地址是HTTPS的  访问http://www.nuget.org/api/v2/么得问题，最后只能自己添加源信息

获取程序包成功，下面安装引入OK了，配置文件里多了如下东东

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
  <configSections>
    <!-- For more information on Entity Framework configuration, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=237468 -->
    <section name="entityFramework" type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" requirePermission="false" />
  </configSections>
  <entityFramework>
    <defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.LocalDbConnectionFactory, EntityFramework">
      <parameters>
        <parameter value="v11.0" />
      </parameters>
    </defaultConnectionFactory>
    <providers>
      <provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
    </providers>
  </entityFramework>
</configuration>

2、下面当然是定义数据库连接串，创建数据库上下文了

  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="StudyDB" connectionString="data source=127.0.0.1;database=Study;uid=sa;pwd=92923;"/>
  </connectionStrings>

class StudyContext : DbContext
    {
        public StudyContext()
            : base(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["StudyDB"].ToString())
        {
 
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }
    }

3、创建实体，在数据库上下文中添加创建实体的实例

class Teacher
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 主键
        /// </summary>
        public string ID { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public string Age { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 所交专业
        /// </summary>
        public string CourseID { get; set; }
    }

class StudyContext : DbContext
    {
        public StudyContext()
            : base(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["StudyDB"].ToString())
        {
 
        }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 教师表
        /// </summary>
        DbSet<Teacher> Teachers { get; set; } 
    }

4、数据库本来没有创建好，写完一个数据库操作，数据库自动生成 很神奇的赶脚！！（下面是增删改查的样例简单版 都是单表查询）

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (StudyContext context = new StudyContext())
            {
                //添加
                context.Teachers.Add(new Teacher { ID = "2",CourseID = "2",Age = "24",Name = "Jim"});
                context.SaveChanges();
                //修改
                Teacher teacher1 = context.Teachers.Where(e => e.ID == "2").Single();
                teacher1.Name = "Lily";
                context.SaveChanges();
                //删除
                Teacher teacher2 = context.Teachers.Where(e => e.ID == "1").Single();
                context.Teachers.Remove(teacher2);
                context.SaveChanges();
                //查询
                IQueryable<Teacher> teachers = context.Teachers.Where(e => 1 == 1);
                if (teachers == null || teachers.Count() <= 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("无数据");
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach(Teacher item in teachers)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
                    }
                }
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }

5、如果我们改了实体我们，数据库也会跟着改动，前提是做一些设置，有三种方法，挑选了一种企业开发中比较稳妥的方法来做，用migrations手动进行更新。

1、在程序包控制台中输入enable-migrations命令，自动数据库迁移，目录中会产生名称为Migrations的文件夹

2、在Migrations的文件夹中修改Configuration.cs，修改代码如下（可自行选择）：

public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationDataLossAllowed = true;//实体去掉属性后同步数据库是否允许删除数据
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;//迁移数据库
            ContextKey = "EFStudy.DB.StudyContext";
        }

3、在程序包控制台中输入update-database命令，数据库表中添加的列

（注：如果默认不迁移数据库不做任何更改，实体更改后，使用EF的时候报错：The model backing the 'StudyContext' context has changed since the database was created. Consider using Code First Migrations to update the database）

6、再来个连表查询的例子

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            using (StudyContext context = new StudyContext())
            {
                context.Courses.Add(new Course(){ ID = "2",teacherID = "2",CourseName = "数学",CreateTime = DateTime.Now});
                context.SaveChanges();
                //连表查询
                var teacherTeachList = from tItem in context.Teachers
                                       join cItem in context.Courses
                                       on tItem.CourseID equals cItem.ID
                                       where tItem.ID == "2"
                                       select new { tItem.Name,cItem.CourseName};
                if (teacherTeachList == null || teacherTeachList.Count() <= 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("无数据");
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach (var item in teacherTeachList)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(item.Name);
                        Console.WriteLine(item.CourseName);
                    }
                }
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }