import copy
a=[3,4,5]
a1=a
a2=[list(a) for i in range(4)]
a3=copy.deepcopy(a)
a4=list(a)
b=[a]
c=4*a
d=4*b
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5],[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5][[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]]
a[0]=1
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[1, 4, 5] [1, 4, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5],[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5][[1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 5], [1, 4, 5]]
d[1][1]=7
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[1, 7, 5] [1, 7, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5],[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5][[1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5]]
a2[1][1]=12
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[1, 7, 5] [1, 7, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 12,5], [3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4,5] [[1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5]]
a3[1]=16
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[1, 7, 5] [1, 7, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 12, 5],[3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 16, 5] [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5][[1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5]]
a4[0]=0
print(a,a1,a2,a3,a4,c,d)
#[1, 7, 5] [1, 7, 5] [[3, 4, 5], [3, 12,5], [3, 4, 5], [3, 4, 5]] [3, 16, 5] [0, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 3,4, 5] [[1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5], [1, 7, 5]]
程序中可以看出a与a的复制品是同时变化的。
这里面有三条程序产生的数据能独立变化:
(1)直接c=4*a,将a复制三个,在合成一个一维list。
(2)用a4=list(a)生成。
(3)调用copy库
本程序运行用的是python3.5。